Frequently asked questions on the construction of houses made of aerated concrete. Exterior decoration of the cottage walls from aerated concrete. Is the radiation emitted by aerated concrete

In search of the optimal material for the construction of a country cottage, one must inevitably consider not only wood, but also so-called "warm" concrete. After all, I want to save money on the construction of walls, and on insulation, and on the finish, and to be strong and warm. Especially since now aerated concrete is heavily advertised, its merits are painted so sweetly that it seems that there is no better material at all. The cottage of aerated concrete will be relatively strong, warm, eco-friendly, "breathing", it is easily and quickly built, but you should not flatter yourself. If you are looking to purchase D300 units with the best insulation performance and build a 300 mm thick wall, you should not do this in any case. Such a wall thickness is not enough to provide a bearing strength, and D300 cellular concrete is not a structural one, but is used only for insulation. And even the insulation with expanded polystyrene does not solve the problem, especially since we can not insulate the aerated concrete with a vapor-proof foam plastic. Therefore, if your choice is still on aerated concrete, as a material for the future cottage, it is not superfluous to learn how to calculate the thickness of the wall for it, how much to use aerated concrete, how to build walls and how and how to trim them.

Advantages and disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks

In recent years, the construction of aerated concrete blocks is very popular. In many respects, the producers' uniqueness in the uniqueness of their products played a role, and it included a number of merits, which, unfortunately, turned out to be either too bloated or in fact lead to drawbacks in the design. As a result, there are a lot of people who believed in advertising, and now every year they make repairs and finalize what can be improved.

Nevertheless, aerated concrete blocks have indisputable virtues:

Low thermal conductivity, due to which the building is warm even without additional insulation.
Ease of erection of walls.
Easy to handle: cut with a regular saw, shtrobitsya manual shtroborezom, excess is removed plane.
The blocks have a flat surface and are precisely verified (exact geometry).
Fast erection. Build a cottage of aerated concrete can be for 8 - 9 months from start to finish.
Relatively high strength (brands D500, D600, brand D400 was recently considered only thermal insulation).
Light weight, which simplifies and reduces the cost of transporting material and erecting structures.
Good sound insulation properties.
Affordable price of blocks.
Ecological compatibility of the material.
The vapor permeability of the material, the walls "breathe".
The possibility of using thin-layer mortars when building walls. This reduces the number of "wet" processes on the construction site.
The ubiquity of the material, you can buy both in large cities, and order delivery to remote areas.

Many choose aerated concrete for its ecological compatibility and vapor permeability. After all, these properties make the house cozy and "breathing", yet at least some alternative to wood. In addition, the cottage of aerated concrete is perceived as a stone, and therefore, it seems stronger and more fireproof.

But aerated concrete has and significant shortcomings, which can lead to partial destruction of the structure, the appearance of cracks, mold and a large number of "cold bridges":

Moisture capacity. Aerated concrete absorbs moisture and is saturated with it, because of what is lost or reduced insulating qualities. And if you do not allow the material to dry completely, mold will appear inside the building.
Fragility of the material and susceptibility to mechanical damage. Even an accidental impact by the corner of the block on a solid object can cause the unit to split. Quite often, aerated concrete blocks are broken during transportation and unloading.
There are some problems in the plastering of walls made of aerated concrete. Due to the fact that the material quickly and capacitively absorbs moisture, in dry weather with a high atmospheric temperature it is extremely difficult to apply a plaster solution so that it does not fall off after a few hours. Also, not all plasters are suitable for finishing aerated concrete.
The appearance of cracks in weak places: under the windowsills, in the corners of the window and doorways, under the lintels and in the places of joints with other materials. This is a very significant drawback, which eliminates all the benefits from the cheapness of aerated concrete blocks. Due to the fact that aerated concrete is a lightweight material, it easily and quickly splits. And since the technology of laying profiled blocks involves blurring only horizontal surfaces of blocks with a glue solution, and vertical ones are simply inserted by the system "spike-groove", it turns out that there are no vertical seams in the clutch, as it were. Horizontal seams are not able to withstand the stresses that arise in complex knots, and the blocks crack and break.

Blocks have low bending strength.
So that the blocks do not lose their thermal insulation properties, their must be stored in a dry place on the dais, performing all measures to protect against atmospheric precipitation.
Low frost resistance blocks D400 - D600.
Residual free lime in the masonry made from aerated concrete blocks promotes faster corrosion of metal reinforcing inclusions.

All these shortcomings are not that critical, but significantly complicate the technological process of working with aerated concrete blocks and impose strict restrictions on decoration Materials and heaters.

Features of the technology of construction of cottages made of aerated concrete

The very first thing that needs to be done is to calculate the wall thickness from aerated concrete blocks for a particular construction region. Do not rely on advertising slogans, they say, build in one block 375 mm and you will be happy. Use for this purpose a special program, formulas or contact the project office. For calculations use such indicators of thermal conductivity: for blocks of mark D400 = 0,15 W / m · ° С; D500 = 0.20 W / m · ° C; D600 = 0.26 W / m · ° C. These data correspond to the properties of aerated concrete under operating conditions, and not in ideal conditions, as the manufacturer shows.

After carrying out calculations it will turn out that for Moscow walls of such thickness are necessary:

D400 - 447 mm;
D500 - 596 mm;
D600 - 775 mm.

Before you build a cottage of aerated concrete, calculate your costs while it is possible, aerated concrete will not be such a cheap pleasure.

If nevertheless decided to build aerated concrete, you will have to strictly follow technologies:

Due to the fact that the blocks are very fragile and subject to cracking due to soil movements, it is necessary to make a solid and perfectly flat foundation, capable of withstanding shifts and not changing the geometry. Tape monolithic or solid cast. In this case, the error of the foundation tape should be no more than ± 10 mm.

The first row of blocks must be laid on the cement-lime mortar and ideally aligned with the horizon.
All subsequent rows should be laid on special glue and strictly observe the thickness of the joint.
When laying each row, do not be lazy and pull the cord to control the smoothness of the masonry.
Consider the use of non-profiled smooth aerated concrete blocks. The technology of their laying implies gluing with glue and horizontal and vertical surface of the block, and, therefore, the design will be present vertical seams, increasing the resistance of the masonry load to bending.
Be sure to reinforce 8 mm reinforcement with 2 rods 1st row and every 4th, and also a row under the window opening.
It is imperative to perform armopoyas on the floors and under the roof of the building. To do this, you can use U-shaped gas-concrete blocks and a framework of reinforcement (6 - 8 twigs).
In no case can the doors and windows be opened with metal frames or constructions (walls) made of bricks or other material until the concrete is completely shrunk. By the way, aerated concrete completely settles down within 2 - 3 years, shrinkage is 1 - 2 mm for every 3 m of height.
Aerated concrete walls do not require additional insulation, for this it is necessary to correctly calculate their thickness. If the cottage is already built, and the thickness of the wall is not enough to provide heat and comfort inside, then it is necessary to approach the selection of thermal insulation extremely carefully.

Important! Aerated concrete can not be insulated with expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam, since they are practically vapor-proof. Aerated concrete grade D400 has a vapor permeability of 0.23 Mg / (m * h * Pa), and D600 grades - 0.17 Mg / (m * h * Pa). According to the rule of thermal insulation, each subsequent material from the inside to the outside of the building must have a higher vapor permeability to create the correct steam and gas exchange, so for the thermal insulation of aerated concrete walls, it is necessary to select a material with permeabilities greater than the specified. Otherwise, steam and moisture contained in the pores of aerated concrete can not go outside, the walls will be wet, lose their heat-saving properties, and mold will appear.

The above rule applies to finishing materials: paints, plasters, etc. They must be vapor-and gas-permeable.
It is desirable to protect the walls of aerated concrete from the outside with vapor-permeable waterproofing material, so that they once again do not get wet under the oblique rain.
All the rows in which reinforcement is present need to be insulated, since the metal inside is a "bridge of cold".

In conclusion, I would like to note that the plaster on aerated concrete "lives" for about 5 to 8 years. Be prepared for the fact that later there will be cracks, and you will have to completely redesign the facade.

You can extend the life of the plaster if you use special plastic, self-expanding compounds.

Self-contained cottage cottage

The extreme ease in working with aerated concrete blocks, as well as its ecological compatibility and the ability to "breathe" give food for thought "but not build a cottage of aerated concrete with their own hands." About how to do this we'll talk further.

Design and calculations

The very first question that arises after the decision to build, where to take the projects of cottages made of aerated concrete, taking into account all its features. Do not build "by eye", order a project in a design bureau or a construction organization, so that you can calculate all the nuances, bearing capacity, wall thickness, reinforcement, foundation, windows, roof and communications. Also ready-made projects of cottages made of aerated concrete are provided by the manufacturer of aerated concrete, provided that you will have to order it for construction. If the finished project does not fit, it can always be modified and modified.

Only with ready-made project You can start construction on your hands.

Foundation for a cottage made of aerated concrete

As we have already found out, for a cottage of aerated concrete it will be necessary either band foundation, or plate. Consider the version of the ribbon foundation:

We remove the top layer of soil and dig a trench 600-700 mm thick, 1.5 m deep (to the depth of soil freezing).
Tram the soil on the bottom of the trench, fill the sand layer with 10-15 cm, then the gravel layer 10-15 cm and also ram each layer.
Then we set the formwork to a height of more than 50 cm above ground level.

Important! Aerated concrete walls should be located above 0.5 - 0.6 m above the ground.

Inside the trench we install a reinforcing cage connected by a knitting wire.

Fill the formwork with concrete, carefully compact the mixture with deep vibrators.

Leave to dry the foundation for 28 days. After the concrete dries completely, the foundation must be waterproofed. To do this, spread the foundation on the foundation surface, melting and gluing its lower side to the base. It is also possible to use ruberoid in 2 - 3 layers, on top to coat with waterproof mastic.

The first row of aerated concrete blocks is laid on a cement-lime mortar. If suddenly the surface of the foundation is not strictly horizontal, then we begin the laying from the highest angle, we check this with a level.

We apply the solution to the surface of the basement, where we are going to lay the block, with a layer of about 20 mm.
We lay the aerated concrete block in a corner and check its even position in the longitudinal and transverse direction.

Lay the rest of the corner blocks, controlling their location relative to each other. The surface of the blocks must be in the same plane.
Between the blocks of each side we pull the cord, through which we will further control the smooth arrangement and horizontal of the intermediate blocks.
Then we put all the intermediate blocks of the first row. We apply the solution, install the unit, level it, control its location relative to the control blocks and the cord and, if necessary, finish the kijan.

In the corners blocks are connected by means of a thin layer of solution applied to the vertical surface of the corner block.

Important! If profiled aerated concrete blocks are used for wall masonry, their vertical surface is not impregnated with mortar, the blocks are connected by the "spike-groove" system. If unprofiled blocks are used, then the surface of the applied block must also be spread with a solution.

Check the smooth arrangement of the blocks of the first row. If necessary, the excess can be shoved by a conventional plane, and then clean the surface of the dust.

Then the first row must be reinforced. For this, two longitudinal grooves are cut in the middle of the blocks, at a distance of 10 mm from each other.

You can use a manual or electric shtroborezom. Then, the grooves / stitrobs are cleaned of dust, we insert in them a reinforcement 8 mm in diameter. Fill with a solution and remove the excess.

All subsequent rows of blocks are laid on the adhesive masonry mortar. We apply the solution directly to the entire row, we start the styling from the corner blocks.

Important! Since the laying of rows begins with corner blocks, and then the gaps are filled with blocks, there will always be free space for the last block of non-standard size. To fill it, you need to cut off the full block of the necessary piece with a regular saw.

We perform the laying of all the other rows, do not forget that every 4th row must be reinforced.

We make a jumper above the window opening - armopoyas. We install wooden props in the opening. Top of the set U-shaped blocks. It is desirable in this row to perform armopoyas, i.e. a number of stacked U-shaped blocks. Insert 50 mm of expanded polystyrene inside the blocks, closer to the outer wall of the unit. In the remaining empty space we insert a reinforcing cage of 6 - 8 twigs. Fill with concrete and allow to dry.

Important! As a result, we should have such walls: the 1st and each 4th row are reinforced with two rods, the supernumerary row and the last row under the roof - armopoyas.

Construction of a roof for a cottage made of aerated concrete

In cottages made of aerocrete blocks, interfloor ceilings and rafter system The roof must rest on armopoias only. More specific solutions for the type of construction and method of attachment are determined by the cottage design.

Mauerlat - bar cross-section 200x150 mm - fix to the armopoyasu anchor bolts in steps of 80 - 100 cm. The rafters are fixed to the Mauerlat with nails, while in the upper part the inclined rafters must be joined at the stop, not in the overlap.

Important! Be sure to make a cornice overhang by building rafter legs. It is necessary that the wall of aerated concrete less wet.

Then we mount the crate and the grill and lay the roofing material.

Important! It is not allowed to transfer from the roof truss structure to aerocrete walls sprawling efforts.

Exterior finish of the walls of the cottage made of aerated concrete

As external finishing cottage from aerated concrete blocks it is necessary to use plasters with high steam and gas permeability. An excellent option is the finishing with a heat-insulating plaster mixture of UB-21 "UMKA®" with subsequent painting with high-vapor permeable paint (lime paint, silicate paint, etc.) or facade decorative plaster The UB-21 Umbrella.

"Warm" plasters have a thermal conductivity of 0.065 W / (m · K) and a vapor permeability of 0.34 mg / (m · h · Pa). Therefore, their use is not only a decorative function, but also a warming. An example of decoration decorative "warm" plaster can be seen on the demonstrating cottage of aerated concrete photo.

We produce stucco work in much the same way as with conventional decorative plaster. Prepare the mixture: pour water into the container and fill the contents of the bag, then stir. Set the beacons on buns from the solution, fill the space between the beacons, level with the rule.

After 4 - 8 hours we remove the beacons, fill the voids with a solution, level it.

Important! If the ambient temperature is below +15 ° C, the main layer of plaster will dry for 12 to 24 hours.

After 2 days, apply the finishing layer 2 - 5 mm and rub it with a plastic or foam plastic float.

When constructing a cottage made of aerated concrete, take it with your own attention, with special attention to the miscalculations of the thickness of the walls, to the observance of the technology of armo-belts and the reinforcement of intermediate rows, and also to heat-insulating and finishing materials. This will build a warm, cozy, durable house without cracks, mold and damp walls.

If you are interested in semi-trailers, then you can look and choose here.

Cottage made of aerated concrete: video-example

What is aerated concrete?

Aerated concrete - is a kind of cellular concrete. Outwardly it looks like an ordinary stone, the structure of which consists of small hollow compartments up to 3 mm thick each. The quality of aerated concrete directly depends on the uniformity of the location of the pores in terms of material volume, the equality of their diameter and the degree of closeness. In modern production aerated concrete is made of quartz sand, some lime and water cement. Also, sometimes an aluminum powder is added in small quantities. The main purpose of the latter component is that it acts as a catalyst for swelling the material, i. E. is the accelerator of the appearance of pores. After the mixture thickens and acquires some strength, it is cut into individual structural elements. The finished parts are processed in an autoclave plant at a temperature of 190 degrees and a pressure of 12 atmospheres. This process is called steaming. After passing all the above procedures aerocrete blocks can be used in construction.

What are the main advantages of aerated concrete?

The first thing that catches your eye when working with aerated concrete is its light weight. Despite this, one aerated concrete block is a fairly large piece, which greatly simplifies and, therefore, speeds up the process of erecting the structure. For example, for the construction of a building with a total area of 200 m2 with the work of a brigade of three people takes no more than one month, which is much faster than when working with building bricks or wood. The comparatively low weight of the blocks makes it possible to save financial means for transportation, and does not require the use of special lifting mechanisms in the construction of multi-storey buildings. Also, a small weight has a positive effect on the cheaper basement litter, tk. the load is lower.

High values of thermal insulation of aerated concrete allow not to worry about the need to create additional insulation, hence - again saving money. Air, contained in small pores, prevents the heat from leaving the house, and prevents its excessive passage, for example, in the summer.

An important factor at present is the ecological frequency, in which the concrete is second only to wood. Thanks to the same air layer, aerated concrete automatically regulates the humidity in the interior, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being of tenants and the preservation of furniture. Aerated concrete completely defies decay processes, than it positively wins against wood, and also has resistance to corrosion, than it wins in metal structures.

In a modern society where everyone in the house has a large number of electrical appliances, there is always a great risk of a short circuit, which can lead to a fire. With the use of aerated concrete, this problem can be forgotten. this material is completely safe. It can not be ignited and can resist open flame for 2 hours.

Is the radiation emitted by aerated concrete large?

There is an erroneous opinion that aerated concrete has an increased release of radioactive substances. A possible reason for the appearance of such myths is the foam concrete, which though outwardly and similar to aerated concrete, but considerably exceeds it by radioactive contamination. Aerated concrete is completely harmless, and it is manufactured in accordance with European quality standards and Russian GOST 31359-2007, GOST 31360-2007.

How long is aerated concrete?

No manufacturer will be able to name the exact number of years that the aerated concrete structure can last. However, all of them converge in one - 100 years - this is not the maximum term.

What special knowledge is required to work with aerated concrete?

There is only one answer to this question - none. If you were once familiar with the construction of structures of stone, brick, monolith or wood, you can easily work with aerated concrete. This material much easier to treat than others construction Materials. The blocks are manufactured with very high accuracy - the tolerance is usually not more than one millimeter, which ensures ease of fit, and therefore - of the construction itself. The unusual, porous structure of aerated concrete makes its processing, such as sawing, drilling, planing, milling, much easier to do.

What thickness of walls is the most optimal for construction?

According to the current rules and regulations, and taking into account average climatic conditions, the wall thickness should be at least 375 mm.

What is better to lay gas-concrete blocks?

First row aerocrete blocks must always be laid using cement mortar. For all the above rows a special glue mixture is used.

Adhesive seam has significant advantages, compared to conventional cement mortar. It gives a better thermal insulation effect, helping to keep heat, and therefore - eliminates the need to create an additional layer of insulation. Also, the required layer of the adhesive mixture is much thinner than in the case of a solution of 3 mm, versus 25 mm. This increases the accuracy of the design. Clay is much quicker to grasp, which positively affects the entire course of construction.

Of the negative sides of the glue seam can be called unless the impossibility of alignment, due to the thinness of the layer. Also it is worth considering that the glutinous mixture can not be used the next day after breeding, so it is recommended to select required amount in advance.

Is it necessary to make repeated level measurements when stacking blocks above the first row?

Taking into account the fact that aerated concrete blocks are produced with the greatest accuracy, the error in their joining is not more than 1 mm. Consequently - special attention it is necessary to give the packing only the lowest row of blocks, and the subsequent ones will automatically correspond to its level. However, it is worthwhile to measure the flatness level of the surface at the joints of the floors.

Is there any difference how to stack a block - horizontally or vertically?

Aerated concrete has the same microstructure on either side, which allows them to be installed in any position. The same applies to the technical qualities of the material, which in all areas remain unchanged.

Is it possible to use a grinding machine for processing a gas-concrete block?

Of course, it is possible, but it should be borne in mind that aerated concrete, despite its strength, can be easily processed, and therefore too rough grinding can lead to the appearance of undesirable holes.

How to protect aerated concrete blocks from moisture during construction?

If construction takes place in conditions of high humidity, for example, in the autumn-spring period, or near water bodies, it is recommended to cover the horizontal surface with a polyethylene film, which will prevent moisture. The vertical surface does not need additional protection.

Most often for these purposes, the facade plaster, siding, facing brick, natural decorative rock. Of course, no one prohibits the use of other options, too. Aerated concrete is absolutely not choosy to the type of cladding.

Is it possible to paste wallpaper on a gas-concrete wall at once?

It is believed that when working with window apertures of aerated concrete, the reinforcement is not needed, is it?

Reinforcing, reinforcing rods can not be used if the width of the opening does not exceed 2.8 m. In all other cases it is recommended to install fittings.

Is it possible to not lay reinforcing bars in every 3 row of blocks?

Of course, since the presence in the wall of the rod from the reinforcement, in case of an unforeseen drawdown of the foundation, does not save the situation, but will only have a slowing effect.

Is it necessary to carry out additional surface treatment of the aerated concrete block if it directly contacts steam or smoke?

Aerated concrete has a very high resistance to heat. Consequently - no additional processing is required, and aerated concrete can be used in ventilation shafts, kitchen and bathroom hoods. Naturally, on the surface of the block after a while some amount of soot will accumulate, which, however, does not affect in any way technical characteristics, they will remain unchanged. In the case of the presence of a large amount of steam, aerated concrete is able to pass it to a depth of about one and a half centimeters. Thanks to the porous structure, the steam can not penetrate deeper.

How wide can an opening be when using only one U-jumper?

The maximum width should not exceed 2.5 m. It is also worth noting that the depth of support, in this case, should be more than 25 cm.

Construction began, gas-concrete blocks were purchased, but due to circumstances it was necessary to suspend it for an indefinite period. How best to store?

The first thing to do is to lay all the blocks on a flat surface to avoid even a slight deformation. Blocks are delivered in a special packaging, which will help to avoid moisture on the surface of aerated concrete. However, if the film was removed, it is worth taking care that the blocks do not directly touch water or snow, for which it is recommended to use building pallets.

What is the maximum height of the building when constructing supporting walls made of aerated concrete?

An increasing number of developers prefer to erect their homes aerated concrete block. And it's not surprising. This material has all the properties necessary for the construction of a reliable and durable construction.

Have you decided to build a house made of aerated concrete? The right decision! And this article will help you to consolidate your choice definitively.

The advantages and disadvantages of aerated concrete structures and the main features of the material

In order to make conclusions as impartial as possible, we try to take a rational look at the qualities and properties of the material, relying not on subjective data, but on the exact values of the material tests.

Advantages and disadvantages

Aerated concrete has a number of positive characteristics. Depending on the manufacturer, they may vary somewhat in the quantitative expression of the indicators, but there will be no deviations from the requirements, which means that the properties will be preserved.

Among a number of advantages it is necessary to allocate the following:

Aerated concrete belongs to the class of lightweight concrete. It has a low weight, which entails a reduction in the load on the foundation. But at the same time, the strength of houses made of aerated concrete leaves behind many competitors of this material.
Products have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which will undoubtedly affect the ability of the walls of the future construction to retain heat.
Blocks are very simple to handle, armed with a hacksaw or saw, it can be given any desired shape, without effort, cut to the desired size.
Due to its ability to vapor permeate, the building will have a comfortable microclimate. The fact is that the gas block, with high humidity, has the property of absorbing it. And in the opposite case - to give.
The material is environmentally friendly and, most importantly, safe. It is included in the group of non-flammable materials.
The cost of construction will be relatively inexpensive.
The frost resistance index is quite enviable for most producers of similar walling materials. It ranges from 35 to 100 cycles.
Due to the impressive size of the products, the process of erecting the wall takes place as soon as possible. And thanks to the almost ideal geometry of the unit, the number of cold bridges is minimized.
Increased biological and climatic stability, make the aerated concrete house practically invulnerable under any changes in the climate.

Such a number of advantages, certainly is a weighty argument for most consumers. But, since the requirements for a set of properties and qualities are different for all, it is worth analyzing the possible disadvantages. Moreover, some of them may not meet the necessary conditions of the builder.

Aerated concrete more than many wall materials is able to absorb moisture. On the one hand, the porosity of the structure is a plus, but on the other - the minus. In the winter season, absorbed moisture, under the influence of a negative temperature, necessarily crystallizes. This has a devastating effect on the structure of the material.
The block is fragile enough. This is especially noticeable during transportation and work. Even in consequence of a small mechanical impact or shrinkage of the foundation, it can crack.
A small negative point is the inability of aerated concrete to reliably hold fastener elements.

Distinctive characteristic

Having considered the main positive and negative characteristics of the material, many future owners of houses may have a question: so why the gas block? After all, many materials are used to build walls. And indeed it is.

It will be fair to compare the aerated concrete block with other products, which are the main competitors for it in the construction industry.

Table 1. Comparison of aerated concrete with other materials suitable for wall construction:

Indicator name	Aerated concrete for walls	Wall foam concrete for walls	Expanded clay concretewalled	Brick	Tree
Thermal conductivity	0,115	0,25	0,3-0,4	0,52	0,14
Density	600-800	1000-1200	900-1200	1500-1900	500
Frost resistance	35-100	35-50	50	25	—
Shrinkage	0.3 mm / m2	0.33 mm / m2	0.4 mm / m2		To 10%
Required wall thickness	0,4	From 0,4	From 0,4	0.5	Up to 1m
Ecological compatibility	+	+	+	+	+
Fire hazard	Does not burn	Does not burn	Does not support fire	Does not burn	flammable
Cost of material	Average price category	Average price category	More expensive than other types of concrete blocks	High price category	Average price category

As can be seen from the table, aerated concrete leaves behind almost all materials in many respects. Do not build an apartment building from it, but it is possible to build a building up to 3 floors. And once we have figured out the products, it's time to proceed to the next stage on the construction path.

Stages of construction of a house made of aerated concrete blocks

The erection of the house is a long and technically complex process. Therefore, you should first carefully study all the nuances of the work, clearly analyze the sequence and calculate the future costs for the necessary materials.

Project documentation and calculation of the required material

The construction of any building, regardless of size and destination, begins with the preparation of project documentation. It contains all the necessary information regarding the stages of work, the cost of construction and, most importantly, technological and architectural solutions of the building.

Advice! When buying a project, it is better to contact the relevant organization. After all, mistakes made in documents can lead to unpredictable consequences. Drawings of houses made of aerated concrete determine the whole process of future construction.

Dividing the total area of the walls by the area of one block, we learn the piece quantity of the required material. For example, suppose that the area of the walls of the future house is 120 m2. The size of the used block is 625 * 400 * 300. In this case, the block area will be 0.625 * 0.4 = 0.25.

120 / 0,25 = 480 pieces - this is the figure that we need. However, in addition to the gas block, you will need to purchase a large number of other materials. This - cement, building mixes, fittings, brick for the socle, elements of the roof and much more.

Territory preparation, geodesy

The first stage of the work will be the preparation of the main and adjacent territory, as well as the conduct of measuring activities.

If we follow technology from the beginning to the end, then first we make a deep study of the features of the soil. This must be done to determine the type of foundation needed. When the decision to erect the grounds is taken, proceed to further action.
The top layer of the soil is to be removed, all the plants and roots are removed. Next, the markup is made in accordance with the project, on the basis of which it is required to excavate the excavation.
If this is a foundation tape, then dig trenches up to 1.5 meters in depth and 0.4-0.5 meters in width. However, the exact values depend on the region and its climatic conditions. Often, the builders rely on the level of freezing ground.

The erection of the base

The optimal type of foundation for a house made of aerated concrete is a belt monolithic. It is possible to erect a columnar one, but it is suitable only for light-weight buildings with a height of one floor.

When the pit is dug, a sand cushion is laid out on its bottom. Then formwork is installed, the installation of which is necessary to fix the shape of the concrete.

The solution is poured step by step with obligatory reinforcement. Further, concrete should be allowed to stand a certain time, in order to achieve technical strength. Until then, the construction of the house is suspended.

When the concrete is frozen and the foundation is completely ready, it is possible to remove the formwork.

If a house made of aerated concrete blocks is planned to be built on three or more floors (or in two floors with an attic), it is recommended that a solid monolithic foundation is installed.

Of all types of foundations, it is the most durable and expensive. The plate under the aerated concrete house is usually made shallow, since it is much easier to do the work in this case with your own hands than to dig a huge deep foundation pit using construction equipment.

The main advantage of such a foundation is that when the plate is shrunk entirely, and not by individual parts, changes its position.

Masonry works

The construction of the masonry works begins with the laying of the socle, the presence of which is necessary for a house made of aerated concrete. It is usually made of red brick. Wall masonry has a similar technology of erection, as with most similar wall materials.

The first block is placed in an angle defining the highest point. Next, the products are distributed over the remaining corners of the future building. Between them stretches the construction thread, which performs the function of a landmark. If necessary, the number of beacon blocks can be increased and placed at a distance of 2 meters from each other.

The first row is laid on the cement slurry. This increases the ability of the block to bond with the base. The subsequent ones can be erected using specialized compositions for laying gas-concrete blocks. They emphasize the positive qualities of the material, significantly reduce the thickness of the layer and, as a consequence, the consumption of the mixture.

Each second and subsequent rows should also start from a corner, but with a seam offset.

Approximately in the first 10-15 minutes the laid block can be corrected in case of roughness of a laying by means of a rubber hammer. It is not possible to correct such errors later. Dismantling with preservation of the material the wall is also not subject, it can only be destroyed.

When small imperfections appear, it is possible to use tools for grinding. The block of aerated concrete easily lends itself to similar processing.

Above the openings for doors and windows, the reinforced jumper must be assembled, the blocks, if necessary, pruned to the desired size.

Advice! If the geometry of the block is not broken, try to make the layer as thin as possible, about 1-2 mm. This will make the house warmer.

Without fail, the wall must be reinforced. The order of work is as follows: on the surface of the block, by grooving, cuts are made along the entire perimeter from both sides. In them, the reinforcement is laid with a diameter of 8 or 10 mm.

Its joints should not fall on the corners of the building and the places intended for window and doorways. Best of all, if they fall on the middle of the aerated concrete product.

The material is wetted and filled with a solution. This procedure of dressing is carried out in the first and every fourth or fifth row. If this information is not enough to carry out the work yourself, the video will help you to figure it out.

Note! Cracks in the house of aerated concrete can appear precisely as a result of non-compliance with the technology of erecting walls with shrinkage of the foundation. But if the block is still cracked, there is a possibility to restore it: the damaged places are covered with gypsum composition.

Now we should talk about the door and window lintels.

There are several ways to install them:

The jumpers are sold in finished form. They need to be purchased and assembled
You can make jumpers yourself from the usual block: they are glued together with a mortar mixture, along the grooves grooves, in which the reinforcement is laid. After all, pour the cement mortar and wait for the setting during the day. Such jumpers are fixed by the fitting downwards and are suitable only in case the passage is narrow.

When the last row of the gas block is laid, it is required to fill the armopoyas.

The order of work is as follows:

In the row form the formwork of a gas block 10 cm wide.
In it lay the reinforcement and fill it with a cement-sand mortar.
In case the house will be single-storey, the fixing studs will be fixed in the armopois itself, to which elements of the roof (mauerlat) are attached in the future.

Note! Seismic is necessary for almost any house of blocks. It makes the design reliable and robust, by maintaining integrity.

Installation of roofing systems and roofing

After the completion of the masonry work, it will be necessary to erect the floors. The material for them should be selected taking into account the possible load on the building.

The main types are:

Monolithic overlapping
Plate
Wooden or metal beams
Prefabricated monolithic

Plate overlap is a classic type, it is used more often than others. The size of the products is chosen taking into account the distance between the bearing walls. A load must meet the requirements of GOST, depending on the future number of storeys.

Laying is done with the help of a construction crane with minimal human participation. Previously, a brick cushion is laid on the top layer of the blocks, onto which the installation is made.

The main advantages of slab overlap are as follows:

The material has a high strength and load-bearing capacity
Products are mounted quickly when using construction equipment
Sound insulation characteristics of the plates are very high.

Between products pour cement mortar for their adhesion and wait for technical readiness for the continuation of construction. The price of the material is quite acceptable. Monolithic overlapping is quite expensive, and is used to erect structures with increased load.

Prefabricated-monolithic is the installation of the block on a pre-arranged frame of beams. This method takes considerably more time than when building a slab overlapping, but in the price a few wins.

When the required storey of the house is reached, you should proceed to the roof installation in the following order:

Installation of rafters
Installation of hydro- and thermal insulation
Coating and controllift
Installation of the finish coat.

The type of roof can be chosen at your discretion, the most common are: gable roof, mansard and hip. One-run type is practically not used in the construction of residential buildings. But if you want to close a small garden house, then this option is quite suitable.

Advice! If it is decided to build a house of aerated concrete blocks with your own hands, but you absolutely do not have the skill of erecting a roof, then it's better to turn to specialists. Then certainly there will not be a question about how much your house will stand. Mounting the roof requires certain professional skills.

Communication in the house: electricity and water supply

This process for many developers may be the most problematic. If, for example, near the house there are electrostools of some kind of partnership, then it does not have to involve a new client. In this case, the problem will have to be solved by the developer independently.

As for conducting wiring in the house, these works usually do not cause complications. So, what does an electrician do?

Since aerated concrete is easily sawed and cut, it is not difficult to touch the wall. Next, the stems are laid in accordance with the plan and are blocked.

They are fastened with clamps. Also cut out grooves for sockets, switches. This type of installation is called hidden.

Open wiring is a less popular option. Everything is mounted on the same principle, except that all the wires are not hiding in the wall, but under the baseboard, in the corrugation, gutters, that is, on the surface of the wall, and not inside it. Electricity in the aerated concrete building must be double insulated and meet the requirements of the Electrical Safety Authority.

Preliminary it is necessary to choose a wiring system.

There are three main schemes:

Lighting devices and sockets work from the power of one machine
Lighting devices are connected to one, and sockets - to another automatic switch.
All the outlets of a separate room are connected separately from the lighting fixtures and separately from household appliances.

Now let's talk about connecting the water supply. If there is no central supply, the house can be provided with a well that is located near the building. It reaches a depth of up to 150 meters. Follow the pipes and install a pump to feed water.

Installing windows

Installation of windows in a house made of aerated concrete is a fairly simple process.

And to achieve a good result, you just need to be guided by the following rules:

Slopes must be absolutely level, this fact is checked with the help of a building level.
The surface is pre-cleaned from dust and dirt, impregnated with a deep penetration primer.
Internal slopes should be heat-insulated.
On the thermal insulation of vapor-insulating tapes.
A window box is installed and the sashes are hung. The resulting slits are carefully sealed.
In the end, the platbands, window sills and plums are assembled.

Mounting of windows instruction manual

Options for finishing the facade of the house

Outside, the house can be repaired from aerated concrete blocks with almost any materials. It is important to observe the application technology.

The most common options that are in demand among developers are presented in the table.

Table 2. Finishing the facade of the house from aerated concrete blocks:

	It combines an acceptable price, practicality in use, ease of installation. Panels, boards or siding are mounted on a pre-arranged and insulated frame, leaving gaps for ventilation. Thanks to this design, the life of the unit and its properties will last much longer.
	The application of plaster has its own difficulties. Aerated concrete has low adhesion with finishing materials, which presupposes pre-treatment of the surface with a primer, the laying of reinforcing mesh and the use of exclusively specialized compounds.
	Externally attractive option. It is distinguished by its special strength and high price. Most often used in combination with other finishing materials.
	One of the most expensive and complex ways of facing the facade. Requires skill in laying. Characterized by high performance indicators and increases the frost resistance of the structure.
	In order to distinguish your dwelling from the rest, you use variants of a combination of different finishing materials. Here in many respects everything depends on the personal preferences and fantasy of the builder. Often the basement is trimmed with stone and other decorative elements, and a ventilated facade is mounted on the walls of the building. A separate small area can be distinguished with decorative elements, thereby making accent on it.

Interior finish

The interior of the house can be made from inside with any materials suitable for its properties and characteristics to the aerated concrete block. Plaster mixes and screeds must be selected from among the highly specialized raw materials, and the finishing materials must meet all the requirements stipulated by GOST and SNIP.

To begin with it is necessary to be defined: that you want to see in a result. Let's consider possible variants.

Search for design solutions and a brief description of the progress of work

For clarity, we will use the method of stage-by-stage planning of the design of individual parts of the premises.

Table 3. Alternatives interior decoration houses made of aerated concrete blocks:

	The ceiling in the house of aerated concrete can be finished in several ways: plastered and subsequently painted or mounted gypsum boards. In the second case, the choice of design options is extremely large. With the help of GKL, it is possible to create complex multi-level ceilings with specialized lighting of any desired shape. Drywall is attached to the pre-mounted frame. Plastering is not needed, but the insulation will be quite relevant.
	Beforehand, before applying the finish coat, the walls should be plastered and at the same time leveled. Mandatory is the priming and laying reinforcing mesh, since the adhesion of aerated concrete does not allow securely fastening the materials together without additional impact. Next, the finished surface should be painted, wallpapered or covered with textured plaster. Some areas can be decorated artificial stone or any other material. The accent is allowed to be made on the corners, window openings of the room, and also to allocate certain areas of the room.
	One of the most common options is the laying of laminate, parquet and linoleum. In bathrooms, kitchen and hallway more often than usual use ceramic tile and porcelain stoneware. The device begins with the installation of wooden logs. Next, the floors in the house made of aerated concrete are insulated and, as an option, they are covered with a floorboard.
	With the help of GKL it is possible to diversify the interior with arches. Since gypsum board is easy to process, you can create even the most incredible designs and shapes.

Overview of the approximate time frame for the construction of a house from a gas block

Every developer is interested in the vital question: how long will it take for the entire construction cycle of a house made of aerated concrete? Let's figure it out.

Table 4. Terms of erection and finishing of dwellings from aerated concrete:

As it becomes understandable, the terms of construction largely depend on the builder, his financial capabilities, personal wishes and the possibility of using the services of contractors. In the latter case, of course, the speed of the work will increase significantly.

The video in this article will tell in more detail how to build a house of aerated concrete blocks as soon as possible.

Conclusion

With their own hands, a house made of aerated concrete can be built, but for some stages of work it will still require the involvement of specialists. It is not possible to emphasize the importance of any process among the others, as the strength, durability and comfort of the structure depend on each of them.