Many residents associate the water supply system with a number of pipes located in the walls and taps, turning which water comes in. And also most people have no idea about all the complexities of the communication network.
The working pressure in the water supply system is one of the main indicators of the effective operation of the water supply system. All plumbing devices can function normally only with a stable water pressure.
A weak pressure, representing itself as slowly flowing water from the tap, indicates a low pressure in the communication network. In particular, this factor worries the citizens who own flats on the upper floors and residents of country houses.
A weak head stops the work of washing machines, dishwashers, shower cabins and baths. This article will discuss the issues of pressure standards, the maximum and the minimum acceptable level.
Normal performance
The unit of pressure in the pipes of water supply in an apartment and in a private house is 1 bar, which is equal to 1, 0197 atmospheres. This figure is fully consistent with the mass of the water column at a height of 10 m.
The communication network requires a working pressure of 4 bar, which in turn corresponds to the weight of a column of water 40 meters high.
This indicator will provide water to consumers of all floors, including the highest ones. But it should be noted that the stability of the indicator is extremely rare. Moreover, the pressure of the 4 bar is not so common. Typical water supply system implies a pressure in the range of 2.5-7.5 bar.
Strong pressure and accordingly increased pressure index leads to malfunctions in the water supply system, moreover, some plumbing devices are damaged at a rate of 6.5 bar.
And even more pressure is not able to withstand 10 atmospheres by virtue of only welded joints and fittings for industrial use, differing in conical thread. Just as high and low pressure leads to malfunctions and malfunctions in the water supply system.
Some plumbing equipment starts to work at a certain rate, for example, a jacuzzi will function only at 4 bar. Shower and washing machine will require a pressure of 1.5 bar.
In view of these features, a normal indicator is 4 bars. This boundary has minimal risks of damaging the joints of pipes and assemblies and is sufficient for the operation of various plumbing fixtures. 
Pressure for a water system of an autonomous type
The autonomous water supply system operates in a completely different type and the standard generally accepted norms are not of particular importance here.
In this water pipe, you can set any pressure indicator, starting from the minimum allowed, at which water flows almost by gravity (1-6 bar). In the case of autonomous water supply, the owner decides everything here.
The minimum allowable pressure for a country house is 1.5 bar. It allows at least two plumbing devices at the same time. The maximum permissible value depends on the characteristics of the water source and the capacity of the pumping equipment.
But most of the residents of country houses are concerned about the problem of low head, so many are interested in ways to increase the pressure in the water supply system. 
The ways to increase
Increase the pressure in the autonomous water supply by technical means: with the help of a storage tank or pumping equipment. These methods have their advantages and disadvantages.
Pump equipment
This method is suitable for apartments with a central water supply system and for country cottages, suburban areas with autonomous water supply. Additional pumping equipment is only used if the main unit does not fulfill the required requirements.
This is possible with the remote location of the well or inadequate power of the appliance to supply water to the second floor. An additional pump is installed at the entrance to the house wiring.
The device must have a water pressure sensor that starts it at a normal rate and turns it off when there is no user. The most commonly used vibrating pump, which differs weak sensitivity to high air content. 
Station with storage capacity
This method works in a completely different way: the pumping equipment pumps water into a storage tank that operates at a stable pressure of 1.5-2 atmospheres. And this means that the liquid is pumped until the required indicator appears, then the pump is switched off.
The water supply system in this case consumes water under the strict control of the pressure reducer, the parameters of which are set beforehand before operation. The pump in this system is suitable, both vibrating and centrifugal.
To inject pressure into the accumulator, an internal or external ejector is used, which creates a vacuum in the pipeline. This method is not used in apartments due to noisy work and some design features.
Working pressure in water supply is an important indicator on which the functioning of most devices depends. But there are methods to improve it, which are applicable in urban and rural areas.
All apartments have running water. But sometimes it does not have a strong enough jet. How to increase the water pressure in the apartment, this question begins to arise more often before the owners of housing. After all, the normal operation of household appliances is possible only at a water pressure in the water pipe to 6-10 atmospheres. Too little pressure can damage the equipment. Too high - leads to even greater breakdowns. You can solve the problem of low head in water supply pipes in several ways.
Determine the pressure in the network and put the pump
For taking a shower in comfortable conditions, the pressure in the water supply must be 2-4 atmospheres. This pressure is also needed for hydromassage. Measure it usually with a special manometer. But he can not meet in every apartment. It is easier to determine the poor pressure of water in an apartment by the force of a jet of water from an open tap. Poor pressure gives a weak and thin trickle. The reason for this can be a simple clogging of the riser, pipes, malfunction of the valves themselves. If the neighbors in the riser are observed the same picture, you need to report this to the management company.
How to increase the water pressure level in a private house or apartment? You can simply install an additional pump in your own apartment to increase the pressure, if the pressure in the pipes is very low (image No. 1). This device is capable of increasing the head in the water supply by 1.5 atmospheres. The pump is mounted on the pipe that enters the apartment. It has many advantages:
- consumes little electrical energy;
- works practically without noise;
- has small dimensions;
- very easy to install.
The pump, which increases the head in the pipes, can have a flow sensor. If so, the equipment operates in an automatic mode. Whenever the tap is opened, the sensor turns on the pump. The valve is closed - the pump is switched off. If the sensor is not included, the pump must be turned on manually.
Picture 1. Extra pump.
The water pressure in the water pipe in the apartment building can be raised by means of a pump. You can install it right under the sink (image No. 2). And how to increase the water pressure in a private house? It is better to do this with a pumping station (image No. 3). The head in this case will reach 8 atmospheres. It is enough to provide several floors with life-giving moisture. The operating pressure in the domestic water supply system will be maintained due to the presence of the accumulator pump in the pump set.
The station's advantage is its automation system. It not only constantly maintains the right pressure of the water supply network. With the help of automation, it is possible to set up the pump of the station for the pressure of the water in the private house that the owners need.
If there is a water well on the site, in which water is not so much as in a water supply system, but much less, then it is possible to cope with the pressure problem by installing a storage boiler together with a pumping station already known. The boiler accumulates water and gradually supplies the system. The issue of increasing the pressure in the water supply system from the well is thus solved.
What equipment to choose
When choosing a pump, you should pay special attention to the manufacturers of these products. The companies "Jemix", "Grundfos" and "Wilo" are well known.
Figure 2. Scheme of installation of the pump under the sink.
Wilo PB-088 EA - a model that is installed to increase the pressure of water on the pipes of water supply. The pump is cooled by water flowing through it. There is a flow sensor that turns the equipment into work. The model is equipped with protection against overheating. Works both in manual and in automatic mode. All moving parts have an anti-corrosion coating.
Grundfos UPA 15-90 is installed in an apartment or in a house. It is able to work with water of any temperature. Cooling water. There is protection against overheating, anti-corrosion coating. Works in automatic and manual mode.
Jemix W15GR-15 A provides water supply at a distance of 15 m. It can work at temperatures up to + 110 °. May cause unnecessary noise.
At the entrance it is desirable to install a mechanical filter. It will protect the equipment from foreign rubbish entering the pump. All pumps are installed in a heated room.
At subzero temperatures, the pump will simply freeze and fail. The shut-off valve should be installed before the pump. Such a connection will make it possible to turn off the water for the prevention of raising equipment.
Picture № 3. Pumping station.
Pump installation instructions
How to increase the water pressure in an apartment or in a private house? If the municipal services do not solve the problem, it remains their own hands to carry out their tasks. To do this, you need:
- boosting pump;
- pumping station.
Procedure:
- Determination of the causes of insufficient pressure in the cold water supply system.
- Evaluation of the quality of cold water supply.
- Installation of equipment at the entrance to the dwelling.
The reasons for the appearance of a thin trickle of water from the tap can be very different. This is a blockage of pipes, salt deposits and the location of the apartment at high altitude. There may be a weak head of water in the apartment due to improper operation of the regular pump. The blockage of the riser also prevents the water from circulating properly through the pipes.
If the trickle is always thin, in that case it is enough to install your pump. If the water does not flow almost to the floor, and on the lower floors it is, you will have to install a pumping station. The pump can be switched on manually, but some brands are switched on automatically. The pump station pumps water into the accumulator and maintains the necessary pressure in the system.
To install the station you need to find a suitable place. Its dimensions significantly exceed the dimensions of the pump due to the inclusion of a hydraulic accumulator, a centrifugal pump, a manometer and a control unit. The pump station can only be installed in a private house. There are some problems in an apartment building and a multi-storey building. When the pressure in the risers decreases, the pump will pump in portions of air from the neighboring cranes. Your cranes will then simply spit air and water.
To install additional equipment in the form of a pumping station, you must obtain permission from the water channel if the house is connected to a centralized water supply. A simple pump is also not very easy to install in an apartment. There may be friction with neighbors and with the same water channel. In any case, before installing additional equipment, it is necessary to clean the pipes. Sometimes it will be cheaper to replace them with new plastic ones.
The best place for placing a water well in your own home is a basement or a basement. Then a pump station and water tanks are placed side by side. If the well is not yet available, it should be drilled near the foundation of the house. This will make it possible to insulate the upper part of it. For a pumping station a light foundation is made of brick or a table is welded from metal. All pipes leaving the wellbore are insulated and insulated.
Instead of a conclusion on the topic
Few people carry water to the house on the rocker. Everyone is accustomed to the domestic water supply. But sometimes, instead of a good jet, you can see a thin trickle from the tap. What pressure of water in a water pipe of an apartment building or country mansion should be and how to raise water pressure in pipes are questions that concern some people.
The lack of water can be caused by clogging of pipes and risers. They must be carefully cleaned or replaced.
To increase the pressure set pumps or pumping stations.
They can work both in automatic mode and in manual mode.
Installation may be difficult. This applies to relationships with neighbors and the water channel. In a private house, such problems can not be. Installation of equipment, especially pumps, presents no difficulties.
But the pressure in the cold water supply system will be provided for many years. And this is the key to the quality work of all household appliances that use water.
It is difficult to find residents of apartment buildings, especially those living on the upper floors, who never faced the problem of poor water supply.
The same problem is often found in owners of private houses, supplied with autonomous water supply. The water pressure at which all plumbing fixtures work in the house will normally be provided only by artesian wells, and even not every one of them.
However, most owners of autonomous water supply use sources of low-pressure and non-pressure type, therefore they are forced to use in the water supply system devices that increase its pressure. Having installed a pump station, supplemented with a storage tank, it is possible to use even a low-pressure submersible pump when taking water from a well.
If the main causes of low water pressure in autonomous water supply systems are clear, then why do tenants of apartment buildings also worry about such problems. Let's try to understand why the pressure in the water supply system, originally designed for high-quality water supply of buildings connected to the water supply source, can decrease.
To determine the reasons for which the pressure in the system does not correspond to the norm, it is first necessary to find out whether there are complaints about this problem among your neighbors, or whether it touched only your apartment. If the water pressure is reduced for all residents of the entrance, then the first action should be to contact the company that serves the building.
It is possible that there will be a message about the accident in the system (a breakthrough or leakage in the water main). If the employees of the management company claim that there is no emergency situation, then the next step should be the call of the plumber, who is able to professionally determine the cause of the poor water pressure in the house.
Standard pressure parameters for the water supply system
In order to understand why, under reduced pressure of water in the water pipe, plumbing devices and some household appliances may not work, you should know what is meant by the word "norm".
The water pressure in units BAR. Conditionally, 1 BAP is considered equal to 1 atmosphere, and 10 BAR = 1 MPa. This is the weight of a column of water, whose height is 10 meters.
In the ideal case, the management company should provide a working water pressure in the water supply system of at least 4 BAP.
The presence of such pressure ensures a stable supply of water, even on the upper floors of multi-storey buildings and the uninterrupted operation of all household appliances. Unfortunately, a typical water supply system rarely provides a constant pressure value. Depending on various factors, the pressure gauges installed to monitor these indicators can show from 2.5 to 7.5 BAR.
The pressure at the supply of hot and cold water is regulated.
At what values does the home appliances work?
- Operation of the water pipe at a head above norm, leads to damage of locking devices, threaded connections. They fail at a system pressure of 6.5 BAR.
- No less trouble brings reduced pressure. Washer It will work only if the manometer shows not less than 2 BAR.
- The same indicator should be for the opportunity to normally take a shower, wash and wash the dishes.
- If the house is installed jacuzzi or massage shower, then they will require not less than 0,4 MPa.
- If there is a site in the country house that requires watering, then to wash dishes at the same time, shower and water beds and flower beds, it is necessary to provide a minimum of 4 BAR.
The main reasons for the reduction of water pressure in the water supply system
The first time - the features of the first inclusion during installation.
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How to increase the pressure in the water supply system
When building multi-storey houses, the problem of supplying water to the upper floors is usually solved at the stage of their design. For this purpose, the project of the house provides for the installation of a pump to increase the water pressure in the water supply system. Therefore, if it falls below the norm in the entire house, you must contact the management company. 
The procedure for contacting the company is as follows:
- If the company does not pay attention to the previously filed applications, then it is necessary to start solving the problem with a collective letter signed by the tenants. It is made in two copies, one of which must go to the management company, and the second must remain with the tenant at home. On the second copy, the date of receipt of this application must be noted.
- When submitting an application, make sure that it was registered, and on the second copy there was not only the signature of the employee who accepted the application, but also the seal of the organization. According to the existing rules, tenants should receive a response within a month, in which the terms for the elimination of the malfunction must be indicated, or information on the solution of the problem.
- If the management company does not respond to the complaint, the second copy of the letter should be addressed to the consumer protection committee. Usually, after contacting the organization, the problem is solved quickly.
Most often, the reason for the lack of a normal head in the system is a malfunction of the high-pressure pump for water, but sometimes it may be necessary to replace the pipes that supply water to the apartments. A more complex problem is the need to repair the underground part of the water pipe, which has served a long time.
Such repairs can be expected for many years, and the supply of fluids with normal pressure to household plumbing is necessary today. In this case, you have to take care of it yourself.
Features of autonomous water supply systems
Stability of the operation of autonomous water supply systems depends on the productivity of the well or well. If the water flow exceeds their productivity (this situation is more common when using non-pressure wells or wells), the pressure in the system may become insufficient.
The water pressure at which all plumbing fixtures work in the house will normally be provided only by artesian wells, and even not every one of them. However, most owners of autonomous water supply use sources of low-pressure and non-pressure type, therefore they are forced to use in the water supply system devices that increase its pressure. Having installed a pump station, supplemented with a storage tank, it is possible to use even a low-pressure submersible pump when taking water from a well.
In the case of the use of wells with high productivity, the pressure in the system can rise above the permissible limits, which leads to its damage and premature wear of the plumbing equipment.
To avoid this situation, it is necessary to choose the right pumps for wells. The equipment should correspond to the productivity of the well and the daily water consumption during its maximum flow.
Methods of increasing pressure
Installation of the pump station and possible malfunctions
Today there is a fairly extensive range of equipment designed specifically for this purpose. One of the ways to ensure the possibility of obtaining the necessary pressure of water in the system is the acquisition and installation of a pumping station. 
Usually, this set of equipment is used in private homes, because when installing it in the apartment there are many problems:
- One of them becomes necessity allocation for its installation of sufficient area, which in most cases is difficult, since the station's equipment consists of several elements. Especially a lot of space is occupied by a hydro accumulator equipped with an electric motor. In addition, it will take place for filters, sensors, piping and a block for controlling the system.
- However, obtaining a normal pressure in the water pipe is so important that the owners of the housing can find a place for the pumping station, using a minimum of space. But here there is one more problem - after installation of such equipment, water in the apartment will be required, but neighbors can disappear altogether. For this reason, the installation of this type pump to increase water pressure in the apartmentrequires agreement with the management company.
The pump station does not gain pressure - what should I do?
There are situations when the pumping station does not gain pressure, but it works and does not turn off. The reasons for this malfunction may be several: 
- The pressure in the pumping station does not rise due to insufficient voltage in the network. If the voltage does not match the value indicated in the pump characteristics, it will not be able to supply the pressure necessary for the operation of the system. In this case, the use of a good voltage regulator or the purchase of a more powerful pump can help.
- The cause of the malfunction may be improper adjustment of the pump station pressure. Pressure switchcan be adjusted using a nut located on the smaller spring. When it is unscrewed, the upper pressure will drop and the station will turn off on time.
- It is also possible to break the pump due to foreign impurities present in the water. To avoid its breakdown, it is necessary to purchase equipment that has a special filtering insert in the working chamber. It is difficult to see a leak in the pipeline or check valve, but this is also one of the reasons for the incorrect work of the workstation.
When choosing the equipment necessary to increase the pressure in the water supply system, it is necessary to consult a specialist. Only a professional who knows the possibilities of such equipment will be able to help in choosing the way to increase the pressure in the apartment, or in a private house.
Inclusion of an additional centrifugal pump in the circuit
A more realistic way is to install a centrifugal pump at the pipeline inlet to the apartment, designed to increase the pressure of water. Its installation is made in the event that the water enters the apartment, but in an extremely small amount, insufficient for the operation of household appliances.
Centrifugal pumps of this type are available with two modes of operation:
- It can be operated in manual mode, if necessary including turning the unit off and on.
- When using the automatic mode, it starts up after opening any crane in the apartment.
The beginning of the device is provided by a flow sensor included in its design. When the liquid flows through the pipe, a signal is received from the sensor to switch on the unit. Closing the tap is a signal to turn it off. The presence of such a sensor becomes a protection against burnout. For this reason, the most popular devices are those equipped with a flow sensor.
Centrifugal pumps to increase the water pressure in an apartment are divided into two types by the way they are cooled:
- with dry rotor, equipped with an impeller located on the rotor of the engine. The blades of the impeller guide the flow of air to the motor, thereby cooling it. These pumps work with little noise and have high efficiency;
- when pumps work with wet rotor For cooling the engine, water flowing through the unit is used. The main advantage of using them is their quiet operation.
Buying a centrifugal pump, it should be borne in mind that there are universal pumps, and there are also those that can be used only in cold, or only in hot water supply. The pump installed at the water inlet to the apartment, immediately after the water flow meter, can increase the pressure by 1-3 BAR.
Partial modification of the system with flexible fittings
There are situations when the head is not enough for a particular device. In this case, the pump can only be installed on this device.
It often happens that the pressure of water is not enough to operate the boiler. Cold water in the apartment is available, but there is practically no hot water. There is not enough pressure to pass through the heating device. In this case, you can choose the location for the water pressure increase pump directly in front of the household appliance.
If a soldering skill is required to install a pressure boost pump, it is much easier to use a pump for a particular device. He joins the plumbing fixture with flexible fittings. First of all, it is necessary to select the right pump centrifugal.
When choosing, consider:
- The maximum pump pressure must not exceed the permissible pressure of the device to which the pump will be connected.
- At the inlet and outlet of the pump there must be a thread for connecting the flexible connection.
- Together with the pump, a ball valve and flexible threading are supplied, equipped with a thread corresponding to the thread on the appliance.
- If the thread does not match, the required adapter is purchased.
- Be sure to purchase a foamed tape, designed to seal the threaded connections. To determine the length of the hoses, the location of the pump is determined in advance.
Installation of an additional pressure boost pump
- A flow sensor (dry run) is installed at the pump outlet. For the convenience of determining the correct location of the sensor, the pump indicates the direction of movement of the liquid. The plug on the sensor is inserted into the control unit connector.
- The pump is installed in the place intended for it and fixed with screws, as specified in the manual, in order to avoid damage to the bearing.
- The mounting is carried out in such a way that there is no vibration when the pump is running.
- Then, the hoses are assembled with threaded connections. When installing, use the sealing tape and rubber gaskets supplied with the pump.
- The entrance to the pump from the water pipe is carried out through the pre-installed stop valve (ball valve), and the output of the pump is connected by flexible connection to a plumbing fixture, which requires an increase in pressure. It should be ensured that the hose does not have sharp kinks.
- The first start-up of the unit is carried out in manual mode. After the beginning of its work all connections are checked.
- If a leak is found after the pump is turned off, the leakage is eliminated and the automatic operation is checked. To do this, the control panel sets the required mode and opens the faucet of the plumbing fixture.
- After filling the pump with water, the pump will start to work, which will be noticeable by the increased jet. Its shutdown will occur after the crane is closed.
The sensor may not work at extremely low pressure. In this case, you have to switch to manual mode.
In case of insufficient quantity of water (most often this problem occurs when it is taken from wells and non-pressure wells), experts recommend buying a storage tank (accumulator). Its use will allow accumulating water in the tank, using it if necessary.
A hydraulic accumulator installed in a private house should be placed in a heated room.
Prices for works, equipment and materials
- Pumping stations and pumps, which increase the pressure, the price is also not too high. Cost of the pump starts from 4 thousand rubles and reaches 9 thousand rubles.
- To purchase pumping station will have to allocate 6 - 15 thousand rubles.
- Depending on the design accumulator and its volume, its purchase will cost 2 - 12 thousand rubles.
- If the installation of the units is done by specialists, then the total cost of installation works will be approximately 20% of their cost. You can find professionals working a little cheaper.
The main characteristic of the normal functioning of water in the system is the presence of optimal pressure. However, it is not always possible to maintain good pressure, especially when there are various devices connected to the water supply system. There are several ways in which you can increase the water pressure. We learn about their features and technology of implementation further.
Water pressure in the water supply system: the optimal value and reasons for the reduction
In order to determine the method of increasing water in the water supply system, it is first of all necessary to find out the cause of the decrease in the pressure of water. Most often, the reasons for the decline of water are:
- presence of leaks or accidents at the place of water transportation;
- the presence inside the pipes of foreign deposits, which interfere with the normal circulation of the liquid;
- the presence of a defective filter that cleans the water;
- problems with shutoff valves.
If there is centralized water supply in the house, the pressure of water often decreases because of the poor work of the water transporter. For example, in order to save electricity, one or more pumps are shut off, which improve the pressure. In the presence of pipe damage on certain sections of the pipeline, the water pressure also decreases.
Therefore, if you have a sharp drop in water pressure in the system, first of all ask neighbors, did not arise and they have such problems. If the pressure has decreased not only for you, then contact the water supplier directly in your area. The minimum value of water pressure in a single-story structure should be one bar. This information is recorded in the legal documentation and must be carried out by all utilities.
Between the water supply system that comes to the house, install a pressure gauge, through which you can monitor the water pressure in the system.
If the problem of reducing water in the system only touched you, then it is necessary to check the pumping station for its operability. Most often, a deep filter is clogged, which cleans the water before introducing it to the house.
In addition, you should inspect the filters that provide fine cleaning, they connect household appliances with water supply. Problems with these types of filters lead to improper operation of washing machines, boilers, pumps, etc.
If the filters work properly, go around the house and check the pressure in various sections of the water pipe. A variant of leakage inside the contour is possible. To determine this area, it is necessary to measure the pressure at different sections of the water pipe and determine the lowest value. After eliminating the leak, the pressure should increase.
Pump increasing the pressure in the water supply system: features of choice and installation
First of all, the installation of a pump is an artificial method of increasing pressure. In each system of water supply under pressure, individual pumping equipment is selected, in the selection of which factors such as:
- duration of the backbone system;
- diameter of pipes of the water supply system;
- number of floors in the house;
- amount of water consumed.
When choosing water pressure pumps, pay attention to their performance and power. These indicators are the main factors when buying this equipment. In addition, the pump must be made of high-strength materials that are not prone to corrosion.
There is an option to purchase a booster pump. These models are not recommended for installation in private homes with additional equipment that consumes water.
The cost of the pump to increase the water in the system depends on the capacity of the device. Approximate price of equipment is from 40 to 200 $. Some equipment is equipped with additional automated mechanisms, such as a flow sensor. With it, you can automatically turn on the equipment when opening the cranes.
Thus, the level of power consumption in the system is reduced. The cost of equipment is also determined by the degree of its protection against moisture and additional constituents that are present in the water. Pay attention to models with a high-quality filtration system. Aluminum, cast iron or stainless steel is used for manufacturing the body of the device.
We recommend purchasing equipment in a brand store of one or another manufacturer. Buying goods directly you will not only save, but also receive a free warranty and additional maintenance of the device.
Also, when choosing equipment to increase water pressure, pay attention to the difference in models by the way of management:
- devices with a manual mode of operation ensure a constant operation of the device during the whole time, it is necessary to follow the switching on and off of the device independently;
- automatic pumping devices - a flow sensor of such a device regulates the switching on and off of the device, there is also protection from switching on in dry mode, the duration of operation of such a device is higher than that of a hand pump, it also has an economical power consumption, but has a higher cost.
In relation to the type of cooling of the hull part of the pumping equipment, two types of pumps are distinguished:
- when choosing a pump with cooling by means of shaft blades, the sounds that are produced during the operation of the equipment are quite quiet, while the efficiency of the mechanism is at a high level;
- when the pump is cooled with liquid, complete quiet operation is ensured.
An important role in choosing a pump should be given to its size. If the room is small in size, the installation of a huge device will be inappropriate. Some pumps are used only for hot and cold water. Other devices are suitable for any type of water supply.
In general, when choosing equipment, determine its characteristics:
- the purpose of buying a pump;
- principle of operation of equipment;
- characteristics of equipment, most often specified in the instructions;
- the size of the device;
- amount of purchase;
- availability of additional functions.
The main characteristics are the serviceability and pressure that the pump can create in the system. They determine the type of equipment purchased.
How to increase water pressure in a private house
The water pressure in the water supply system is determined by the number of household appliances using water. For example, if the house has a washing machine, a sink and a bath, then there is enough pressure in two atmospheres. However, if there is a pool in the house or a chic Jacuzzi, this value should be doubled.
In addition, the pressure in the system must be such as to supply water directly to several points of draw-off. Taking a shower and erasing, you should not have any discomfort associated with lowering the pressure.
If the site has a private water supply, that is, the water supply is carried out from the well or from the well, then the pump capacity should be much higher than when supplying water from the centralized water supply.
The performance of the pump must ensure that the water is lifted from the well and fed to the house. At the same time, the house should provide the optimum water pressure in the system. These indicators directly depend on the amount of liquid consumed. The more water is consumed in the house, the higher the pump capacity.
In the process of operation of the private water supply system, there are two options for water consumption:
1. The well is characterized by the presence of production in which there is a weak head or it is completely absent. At the same time, it is possible to satisfy the water needs of two, three people in the family. As the source is quickly emptied, there is a drop in pressure. For these purposes, additional means of modernization are used.
2. The production rate of the well exceeds the water discharge rate for the average statistical family. In the presence of a pump, whose capacity is restrained by pressure, there is an excessive increase in pressure to six atmospheres. Thus, leaks and emergencies are formed.
Choosing pumping equipment for private wells, it is necessary to be guided by the flow rate of the well and the flow of water. We recommend to choose as a reference daily water consumption in the summer.
Ways to increase the water pressure in the house
As methods that increase the pressure in the water supply, we will single out the installation of two devices:
1. Cutting into the water pipe under the pressure of the pump - this operation is performed at the entrance of the common water pipe to the house or apartment. Installing pumps, before the water sampling points, significantly increases the pressure in the system. Compact pumps can automatically or manually adjust their operation. However, this method makes it possible to increase the pressure by a small amount of 1-1.5 atm.
2. It is recommended to install a pumping station to eliminate more serious pressure problems, as well as to organize temporary independent water supply. In this case, a storage tank is installed, the water in which accumulates in advance and is fed into the system by means of pumping equipment.
Pumping station, which has a hydraulic accumulator, requires considerable investments, in addition, for its location it is necessary to prepare a lot of space. You will also need to spend money on purchasing a storage tank, the size of which should be ten times the daily water consumption. However, in this case, you get constant ideal pressure and water supply, even with periodic shutdown of water.
Stabilization of water supply pressure in a private house
Among the main ways to increase the pressure in the system, a pumping station or pump installation is allocated. The first option is relevant in the case when the pressure in the system is practically absent.
The pump station can significantly increase the pressure in the system. The electric piston engine draws air from the water accumulator. The formed vacuum space gets water from a well or a water pipe. The installation of such a station in a multi-storey building allows obtaining a constant qualitative pressure. However, such stations are rather cumbersome and for their installation it is necessary to obtain special documents for the permission to perform work.
If there is a minimum water pressure in the system, it is sufficient to install an ordinary pump in the apartment. It is installed on a pipe that goes inside the apartment. Automatic equipment starts working when the water is turned on, while manual models mean a permanent on and off pump.
To connect the pump to the system you will need a soldering iron, which is designed to connect pipes to each other. On the inlet pipe, the tap of the water supply to a certain apartment is closed. Further, the pipe and the flow sensor are inserted. At the ends of the cut pipes, a connecting armature is mounted on which the pump is screwed together with the sensor. Plug the pump into the mains and open the tap.
Another option for increasing pressure is to install the pump directly in front of the appliance for water supply. For this, first of all, it is necessary to study the technical parameters of the device, while determining the maximum pressure for its operation.
Next, you need to buy a centrifugal pump, the performance of which is comparable to the maximum pressure. Note that the centrifugal pumps are very similar to the pump equipment installed to circulate the heat carrier in the heating systems. However, the principle of work and productivity are different for them.
In addition to the pump, devices should be purchased in the form of a ball valve and flexible wiring. Note that the diameter of the hose must match the thread of the pumping equipment. It will also require the presence of a tape tape, with its help it is possible to seal the joints.
Begin work should be from the tap of the water supply to the apartment or house. Further, the location of the pump installation is determined, most often it is fixed to the wall using plastic dowels. In any case, before beginning the installation of the equipment, read its instructions.
On the wall, mark the fixing points of the pump and install it. A flow sensor is attached to the pump, which controls the switching on and off of the device. Next, threaded connections are mounted, do not forget to install rubber gaskets. They go with the equipment. The inlet on the pump is connected to the water pipe.
After assembling the device, check its operability. Install the pump and turn on the water, if there are stains, seal the connections with a fumble. Do not forget about the device grounding. Check the operation of the device in automatic mode. Look at the pressure gauge of the pressure in the water pipe. The optimum pressure is 2-3 atmospheres.
One of the systems that create comfortable conditions for life is water supply. On how it functions, depends on the performance of some household appliances, and also whether we can normally take water procedures. About what should be the pressure of water in the water pipe and how to increase or decrease it and we will talk.
Water pressure: standards and reality
In order to function properly plumbing and household appliances, you need a water supply with a certain pressure. This pressure is usually called the water pressure. I must say that different pressures are required for different types of equipment. So the washing machine and dishwasher, shower, taps and mixers operate normally at 2 atmospheres. For the work of a whirlpool or with hydromassage, no less than 4 atm is required. So the optimal water pressure in the water pipe is 4 atm or so.
For household appliances and sanitary equipment there is still such an indicator as the maximum allowable pressure. This is the limit that this equipment can withstand. If we talk about a private house, then you can not pay attention to this parameter: your personal equipment works here and above 4 atm, well, a maximum of 5-6 atm. Above in such systems the pressure simply does not happen.
Units of pressure measurement - recalculation and ratio
For the networks of centralized water supply, the standards set the working pressure of water in the water supply of the apartment building - 4-6 atm. In reality it ranges from 2 atm to 7-8 atm, sometimes there are jumps up to 10 atm. Very much it rises after or during the repair work, and this is done specifically. There is a so-called crimping - checking the reliability and tightness of the system with increased pressure. With the help of such a check, all weak points are identified - leaks appear and they are eliminated. The unpleasant moment is that some appliances may have a lower limit of strength, as a result they will also prove to be a "weak spot", and their repair usually costs a lot.
It happens in the high-rise buildings and the opposite situation - the water pressure in the water pipe is too low. In this situation, household appliances simply do not turn on, and a trickle of water flows from the tap. This situation can occur during peak times - in the morning and in the evening, when the majority of residents use the water supply. Approximately the same situation can arise in dachas or in private houses connected to a centralized water supply. The solution to this problem is, and not one.
Ways to increase the pressure in the aqueduct
Low water pressure though not as dangerous as excessively high, but it is very unpleasant - washing under a thin stream of water is very inconvenient. In addition, household appliances do not work, which also does not bring joy. There are two ways to increase water pressure:
- install a boost pump;
- to put the pumping station.
If the installation of the raising pump can still be considered in the apartment, then the pumping station is unlikely to be put. Cut it into the water pipeline is a dubious idea, and it's often just nowhere to put a storage tank for a couple of cubes. True, if necessary, there is a place for everything - if only the water was going with a normal head.
If low pressure is present only in your apartment, most likely you have a clogged filter that is standing at the entrance and it must be cleaned. There is a second option - the pipes were hammered. Then you will have to change them.
If the pressure is low on the entire riser or even in the house, it is worth turning to the management campaign. If calls and verbal requests do not help, you can write a collective letter. It is signed by all tenants, taken to the Criminal Code and registered. The letter must be in two copies. One remains in the Criminal Code, the second - with a stamp and affixed incoming number and the date of receipt - from someone from the tenants. In theory, you should be given an answer within a month or take measures to fix the malfunction. If there are no actions, this letter can be addressed to the Committee for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
Pump for increasing water pressure
This equipment raises the existing pressure in the network by 1-3 atm. Put in the rupture of the pipeline. It is usually cut right after the counter, ensuring the stable operation of the water taps. If you also need to ensure the normal functioning of household appliances (washing machine and dishwasher), then the pressure boosting pump is placed directly on the branch leading to the technique.
How does he work? It turns on when there is a flow (the tap is opened or the machine starts to draw water). Disconnects if the water flow stops. This is how automatic models work. But there are manual or combined - which can work in both manual and automatic mode. Manual are not too convenient and economical, although they are cheaper. But the combined can come in handy if there is a need to raise the pressure, but it is above the limit of operation of the pump. Then you can force it manually.
How to lower the pressure in the aqueduct
To ensure the entire technology normal operation and stable pressure, it is desirable to put the reducer. This is a small device that is placed after the coarse filter (with a large cell), but before the fine filter (with a shallow cell). It neutralizes the pressure jumps in the water pipe, "cutting off" the excess of a certain threshold.
The water pressure reducer is a device for lowering and stabilizing the pressure in the system
Pressure reducers are many different, they should be chosen depending on the situation. Selection Criteria:
- Maximum pressure in the system should not exceed the passport pressure of the reducer.
- That the device could work in the range you need.
- It is necessary to take into account the minimum pressure at which the gearbox starts working (from 0.1 bar to 0.7 bar).
- The temperature of the medium with which the device can operate. For installation in a hot water supply system, a temperature of at least 80 ° C is required.
- How can it be located in space. There are models that are installed vertically, there are - horizontally, there are universal, but they are more expensive.
More expensive models of water pressure reducers can have built-in pressure gauges or filters. If you do not have these devices, it may be worthwhile to purchase such a combined device. But, according to the experience of operation, it is easier to service individual devices (the exception is a manometer, it can be built-in).