Staircase with your own hands. Video - Self-made stairs. Distance overlap

Most private house-building projects involve a second floor or an attic, and the question arises - how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor. With a glance at the illustrations it seems that only a talented master can overpower a reliable and aesthetic ladder. But it is quite possible for anyone who has experience with wood. You can order finished balusters and other elements in the carpenter's workshop. But it is much more pleasant to perform all the steps of the ladder making independently, using the clues of the article.

The main types of stairs and their design features

The construction of a staircase to the second floor of a private wooden house requires the skills of owning the tool, drawing up drawings and preliminary sketches. This is necessary to:

see the main structural details;
identify advantages and disadvantages;
to understand how to refine and improve the design;
determine how it will be decorated;
to think over its main supports for greater reliability;
to work out the dimensions of the steps, so that it is not only convenient on the descent and ascent, but also quite safe.

To choose wood as the basic constructive material is correctly both from the point of view of ecological compatibility of a material, and from reasons of practicality. With a tree it is pleasant to work for experienced professionals and novice craftsmen who want to learn how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? But it is important to choose the option that is in force at this stage, and it is important that it harmoniously fits into the overall design of the house. It is a pliable material that, with a suitable tool, makes it possible to produce a ladder of any shape:

straight or round;
simple or decorative;
massive or lightened.

By type of construction distinguish march (straight) and screw (rounded) stairs. Wooden spiral staircases on the second floor are more beautiful, but also more difficult in the manufacture of structural parts and assembly, so they are rare. Basically, this is appropriate for a limited space, if the inclined march staircase is almost non-heated, only vertically between the floors. It requires compliance with the special mounting precision and special structural details such as rounded handrails.

But we can give an example of the parable about the Chinese master, to which the disciple came. The old man appreciated the admiration for the beautiful vase and the desire of the young man to master the ancient technology, in general describing the features of the craft. But the impatient young man interrupted the master and asked why not to make an elegant piece, as on a sample, but easier and faster using modern technologies. But the wise old man replied that when he was young, there was no technology, only secrets of skill, so he learned not on primitive, but on perfect patterns.

Of course, today many people try to use modern methods of woodworking, machines and convenient power tools. And if no one knew how to do the simplest version of a straight ladder, they would try to master a more complicated technological process - the wooden stairs to the second floor, photo:

For some complex designs really should not be taken, especially if this is the author's design from real masters. But they can be used as patterns for inspiration, so that there is something to strive for.

Those who are confident in their abilities and are ready to learn from good examples, it is better to start with a marching wooden staircase for the second floor. Depending on the area of the room allocated for its construction, you can choose not only direct, but also swing-ladder. Up to the second floor usually do:

straight single-stair flights;
rotary;
screw;
U-shaped two-marsh;
L-shaped two-lane stairs.

Installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor with more than 10 steps is preferably divided by a platform and a turn, after which it can ascend along the wall at different angles:

180º,
360º (screw).

Attention: Spiral staircases belong to the structures with limited functionality, because it is difficult to lift heavy furniture and other dimensional goods to the second floor. It can not disperse 2 people, and at once it can only use 1 person. They are advisable when the second floor leads to another, a flight of stairs.

The main structural details of the wooden staircase

To produce a wooden staircase to the second floor will need a lot of wood. Structurally, this is a broken plane (steps and sub-steps) with additional restrictive elements. They all have their names.

For the manufacture of stair details in a private house leading to the second floor, use a quality dry board or bar, without knots and other defects. Suitable for:

bruski on 40мм (steps);
edged board of the same section or close in thickness;
for additional structural details, you can take a board thinner.

Tip: The thickness of the balusters varies, depending on the overall design, but do not weigh the design of the wooden staircase with too massive handrails with wide chiseled details. It is much more expedient to order ready-made balusters machined on a machine tool in a carpentry shop.

A small dictionary:

railings consist of handrails and balusters of various sizes and shapes;
kosovra - bearing beams on the sides of degrees, and these beams are the main load, they hold the steps and risers;
podstupenki needed to close the gaps between the stairs, but without them you can do without;
the string is part of the supporting structure, but less reliable than the Kosow;
stair steps - the main details that touch the feet, consisting of a tread (horizontal) and riser (vertical board under the step);
the design of the rotary ladders includes additional support parts.

Attention: In order to save stairs are often done already, than the width of the foot. But if you climb up the stairs comfortably and without touching the heels, but down to go down on narrow treads is uncomfortable or even traumatic!

The steps are of different shapes, and even in one design of the wooden staircase can successfully combine:

rectangular,
radius,
rounded at the edge;
rounded in corners;
non-standard forms;
rotary with a certain angle of the step.

How to make calculations and drawings?

Before you start to make a staircase to the second floor of a private wooden house, calculations and a drawing are absolutely necessary.

Attention: The sketch of the ladder can be developed on a computer, using programs for interior design - for better visualization. Drawings and calculations for the number of steps from the wooden staircase to the second floor are done independently or with the help of specialized architectural programs. Such services can be performed by architects or masters of carpentry shops, as well as companies specializing in the manufacture of stairs. The quality and accuracy of the calculations will be guaranteed, although all calculations can be made independently.

Important: The choice of the wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands is based not so much on aesthetic preferences as on a safe and convenient move. It should be so comfortable that with daily use there should be no discomfort when going up or down.

Let us remind you a little about how to make a calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor. All calculations of the height and width of the structural details of the ladder are done in a different way:

by the formulas;
on the computer program;
simple calculations.

The width of the steps depends on the width of the doorway, and if the stairs go from one door to another floor above, they are guided from the size of the passage to the second floor. And to calculate the number of steps, it is important to consider their height (including the thickness of the board), divided by the distance from the floor to the top of the second floor. But there are many subtleties that are important to take into account, for example, the rotary structure assumes a staircase that will replace one stage. Below there can be a wide stepping step, which does not fit into general calculations.

Tip: A gentle wide staircase is considered the most convenient, but they take up a lot of space. However, under it you can equip a pantry, a toilet or niches for a working tool and useful trifles.

Calculation of a comfortable staircase is twice the height of the riser plus the width of the tread (stair) and is directly proportional to the average step of the person. In this case, the step of a person of medium height on a straight line is about 600-640 mm.

Attention: Climb the stairs by the formula: 2a + b = 600 ... 640 mm.

It is also important to take into account the sufficient height of the free space above your head so that you do not have to bend over when there is another flight of stairs from above. Calculations begin with measurements of height between floors and parameters of the staircase, after which you can draw drawings of wooden stairs to the second floor:

the angle of the ladder rises varies between 23 ° - 45 °;
the width of the tread (step), taking into account the width of the foot, ranges from 200 to 330 mm;
height of risers within the limits of 150 - 180mm;
the overhang of the tread above the step below is within 50 mm.

The larger the overhang is done with the forced increase in the width of the steps with insufficient march size. Having made all the calculations, you can buy lumber or order ready-made structural parts. Ordering the project and structural elements in a specialized company, make sure that:

the wood was dry and of good quality;
all the details are numbered and correspond to the drawings or sketches;
all incisions and grooves, where small details should be included, were decorated;
the surfaces are processed (grinding, rounding, etc.), that is, they are ready for quick assembly.

Further work will resemble an assembly of a children's designer. However, if you are interested in how to build a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, then if you have a good tool, you can do all the work yourself. Perhaps this experience will later become your profitable business.

Each version of the ladder needs its own turn-based technology. In general terms, it is better to familiarize yourself with this process by the master class. To avoid confusion, look at the wooden staircase to the second floor of the video:

The simplest plan for the construction of a staircase

It is not necessary to start with stairs of complex design, so let's start by getting acquainted with a straight single-marched design. Sample work plan:

we make calculations, make a sketch or a diagram of the ladder;
we make the reference workpiece of the step and the riser, by which we further measure the remaining parts of our steps, so that there will not be different sizes due to errors;
we mark out and cut out Kosovars with grooves for steps.

Tip: It is most convenient to work with an electric tool, and if you do not have one, we recommend that you rent it. To save on the number of days of sloping, make all the calculations in advance in order to manage for 1 day to manage. Returning it, select the day for the assembly, inviting 1-2 assistants or ancillary workers.

Kosoura expose in parallel, on a convenient for fixing the steps, temporarily fixing the wooden slats through 3-4 cutouts.

It is more convenient to first mount the risers, which will add the strength of the wooden structure. And already on this basis we mount the stair steps with a screwdriver.

Attention: Before fixing the details of the ladder, it is important to sand all the surfaces, remove all irregularities on the cross sections. Beautiful look rounded and milled edges.

The most difficult task remains - securely fix this heavy construction to the passage to the 2 nd floor. This is done in various ways, for example, that the top of the span is fixed on special wooden racks or directly to the floor and ceiling with special details.

The final stage is the fastening of handrails with balusters, the railings are attached to them. After that, the stairs are covered with stain and varnished or painted with enamel. A good addition is the diode illumination.

Attention: The other layout of the ladder will differ in installation, so use the example above as an example. At 2-march stairs fix at first a platform and supports to which flights are brought - photo.

Wooden stairs with their own hands is made quite simply. However, there are a number of nuances on which convenience and even security of movement depend. I will tell you about all the subtleties of the construction of the wooden structure, so that you do not make mistakes in the process.

All work on the manufacture of stairs can be divided into two main stages:

Design;
Assembling the structure.

Design

The staircase is a rather complicated structure, so it is simply impossible to produce it qualitatively without a detailed project, especially for the beginner. The design process can be divided into three main stages:

Step 1: Determination of the type of construction

All existing types of stairs can be divided into two types:

Screw. The peculiarity of such constructions is that they contain only the flashing steps located around the central pillar. It is advisable to use them if there is a minimum of space in the room.
Keep in mind that such stairs are inconvenient to operate, and also quite difficult to manufacture. Therefore, I would not recommend newcomers to undertake the construction of a spiral staircase;

Marching.These stairs have straight flights (staircases). They are more comfortable and safe to operate. However, keep in mind that the flight of stairs occupy more space indoors.

March flights in turn are divided into several subspecies:

Single-side.They consist of one direct flight of stairs;
Rotary with staggered steps. Can have several flights of stairs, between which are located rotary (zabezhnye steps);

Swivel with staircases.Between the marches of these staircases there are level platforms. Such stairs are more convenient to use, but take up more space in the room;

"Duck step." The peculiarity of these stairs is in oar-shaped steps, which are installed in pairs in the opposite direction. As a result, you can only become one foot on the step, hence the name of the foot.

Such stairs are less convenient, but they can be very steep, i.e. the angle of inclination can exceed 40-45 degrees.

Choose the type of construction you need, depending on the conditions in the room and your requirements. If there is not enough space, you can make a ladder like "duck step", which requires a minimum floor area of the first floor. If the house is occupied by pensioners or small children, it is better to sacrifice space, but to make a turning staircase with marching areas.

Step 2: Calculate the ladder

At this stage you need to decide on such important parameters of the ladder as:

Number of tears;
Height of risers;
The angle of the stairs;
Length of the march;
The area that the staircase will occupy on the first floor.

Any stairway should be comfortable and safe. For this, the following rules must be observed when performing calculations:

Step sizes.Height can not be made more than 190 mm and less than 160 mm. The width of the tread should not be less than 220 mm and more than 330 mm.
Keep in mind that all steps must be of the same height and width, otherwise the ladder will turn out to be traumatic;
Number of steps in the stairwell.The most comfortable value is 11-15 steps. If there are more of them, it is desirable to divide the staircase by a platform.
In addition, it is desirable that the march has an odd number of steps, so that the person ends the descent or ascent by the same foot as the staircase began to move;
Width of the march.Must be at least 90-100 mm;
The height of the handrail.Not less than 90 cm.

Calculation of the number of steps.Before you start calculating the ladder, you need to measure the height between the floors, as well as the area allocated to the stairs. For example, the height between floors, i.e. The height of the ladder in our case is 3 m.

Now you can start calculating the number of steps and the height of the risers. These two parameters are interrelated.

To calculate the number of steps, you need to divide the distance between the floor of the first floor and the floor of the second floor, to the height of the steps. The latter can be any within 160-190 mm. For example, take the height of 180 mm, in this case we have the number of steps will be 300/18 = 16.6 pieces.

Since we need an even amount, we will correct the height by dividing the total height by the number of steps - 300/17 = 17.6 cm. In fact, the staircase will have 16 steps, since the last step is the floor of the second floor.

Calculate the width of the tread.There is a formula for calculating a convenient ladder - a + b = 470 mm, where:

a is the height of the riser;
b is the width of the tread.

From this formula we get the width of the treads 47-17.6 = 29.4. This size is completely within the permissible range.

Calculation of the length of the march.Now it remains only to count the length of the march, i.e. the length of its projection to the floor. To do this, the width of the tread must be multiplied by the number of steps - 29.4 × 17 = 499.8 ~ 5 m.

Since the stairs will be long enough, it is advisable to make it a turning staircase, consisting of two marches. In this case, the first march will have eight steps, including the platform, and the second march - nine steps, taking into account the floor of the first floor.

The width of the platform should be equal to the width of the march, i.е. not less than 90-100 cm.

If necessary, you can correct the parameters of the stairs under the conditions in the room - change the height of the risers and the width of the tread. The main thing is that these parameters should remain within the acceptable limits.

Calculation of the length of strings or strings.Calculation of Kosovra is carried out according to the Pythagoras theorem - the length of the ladder in the square + the height of the ladder in the square = the length of the squaring in the square.

Step 3: Draw the drawing

Now you need to prepare a drawing, by which you will make the details of the ladder. To do this, let's take a look at the details that include the design of the ladder made of wood:

Kosouur. Bearing beam, on which the steps are laid. As a result, the Kosowor takes on all the load when traveling on the stairs;

Bowstring.It is also a load-bearing beam. From kosoura differs from the absence of cutouts under the steps, as a result of which treads are joined with the beam by the end.
To fix the steps to the string, milled in it are cuttings or fastened bars, on which the tread is laid;

Steps.Consist of two elements - treads (horizontal board), riser (vertical board, which is located under the stage). I must say that the design of the wooden staircase may not have risers, especially if it is based on strings.

How best to make a ladder - on strings or strings? The design on the strings is faster and easier, as there is no need to make cuts under the steps, however, the ladder on the strings can withstand a high load.

Making stairs

Consider how a ladder made of wood is made by hand. This process can be divided into several stages:

Stage 1: Preparing Kosovars

The work is done like this:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Materials.At this stage, prepare boards with a section of 40 x 300 mm.
	Preparation of beams.Cut the boards 40x300 mm along the length of the stripping according to the design calculations.
	Marking Kosovra.For marking, use a construction square. Using it, mark the position of the steps and risers, as shown in the photo. Keep in mind that the angle of tread and kosoura should correspond to the angle of inclination. In order not to make mistakes in calculations, you can perform the following actions: Fix the kosour in the working position; Mark the trimming line of the bottom of the board that will be supported on the floor; Mark the square with the first step and the step. In the process of marking, use the level to make the step parallel. The distance from the cutting line to the first tread should be equal to the height of the step; Draw the markings of the rest of the steps and risers, focusing on the layout of the first stage.
	Cutting Kosovra.Carefully cut out with a hacksaw, electric jigsaw or other tools. Under the same scheme, make all the other Kosoura.

To paired kosuroy turned out to be exactly the same, use the first oblique as a template - attach it to the board and circle with a pencil.

Stage 2: Frame Assembly

Now we need to make the remaining elements of the ladder frame, and install them. The work is done as follows:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Materials. In addition to oblique builds, you will need: Bar 70x70 mm or 100x100 mm; Boards 40x300 mm; Glass for the beam (fastening element); Joiner's glue.
	Wall mounting to wall: Fix the kosour on the wall in the working position; Make sure that the kosour is set correctly. To do this, attach the level to the notches under the steps - they should be placed strictly horizontally; Secure the beam with anchors or screws (if the wall is wooden); In the same way, attach a second flight to the wall. In order for the beams to be positioned correctly, before mounting them, it is desirable to apply markings to the walls.
	Mounting the support post: Mark the location of the support post for the landing; Secure the post on the floor with a special glass and dowel-nails. Step back from the established pillar 10 cm (the distance between the spans), and install the second pillar on which the beam of the upper span will rest.
	Post marking.Mark on the post the junction of the second Kosoura. To do this, you can use the laser or water level.
	Installation of the second kosoura: The joint place of the Kosoura with the post should be treated with carpentry glue. Preliminary, the junction site should preferably be milled. Connect the kosor with the post; From the back of the post, screw in a few screws, pre-drilled holes for them.
	Installation kosoura second span.The beam is fixed to the pole by the same principle as the first flight of the flight.
	Assembling the frame of the site: If the site is adjacent to the walls, fix on the walls boards of 40x300 mm at the level of the site; If the site does not adhere to the walls, install additional supports, and tighten them with slats, as shown in the photo-example.

This completes the installation of the frame. If you have a staircase straight and without a platform, then the whole work on assembling the frame is reduced to the installation of two oblique lines. Cutting out details. Use a jigsaw or other tool for this purpose.

In addition to the steps and risers, you will also need boards to cover the staircase.

Bear in mind that the tread should hang over the riser by a centimeter or two.

Sheathing of the upper march:

Secure the slats between the legs;
Attach the lining to the strips and cross rails.

Stage 4. installation of handrails

Now you can proceed with the installation of the handrail. Balusters and handrails are more expedient to buy ready, as without the appropriate equipment to make them beautiful is difficult. At the same time, the price for them is small - the cost of figured balusters from pine begins on average from 100 rubles apiece.

The process of installing balusters and railings looks like this:

Illustrations

Description of actions

Preparation of balusters for the installation of handrails.Cut the top of the posts at an angle equal to the angle of the ladder march.

Fastening handrails to the outer posts:

The place where the handrail adjoins the posts should be treated with glue;

Step 5: Finishing

As a rule, during the finishing process wooden stairs with their own hands covered with varnish, stain or impregnation. This operation is carried out in the following sequence:

Illustrations

Description of work

Materials.For finishing you will need:

Putty on wood (matched to the color of wood);
Paintwork.

Puttying:

Remove any dust and dirt from the surfaces that you will shpatlevat;
Fill the filler with the grooves of the screws of the screws, as well as small cracks and other flaws in the wood, if any;
Surface immediately align with a narrow spatula;

Varnishing:

Apply a thin, even layer of varnish with a brush;
After drying the surface, apply the varnish again;
After the varnishing, the surface should be polished.

Wooden stairs are desirable to be covered with matte varnish or impregnation. Covered with glossy varnish can be slippery and unsafe for movement.

As you can see, the stairs to the second floor are made simply enough, therefore for their manufacture it is enough to have basic skills of work with a tree.

Conclusion

We have considered the process of manufacturing a ladder with all its basic nuances and subtleties, and now you can take on your own. I recommend that you watch the video in this article. If you encounter any difficulties in the process of work - write comments, and I'll be happy to help you.

Stairs are often found in private residential buildings. Despite the fact that these elements look quite decorative, they carry no less load than the floor or walls, because they are a bridge between the floors. Therefore, it is so important that the staircase be made qualitatively, taking into account all the nuances. Can I make it? Of course, however, for this you must first carefully study the theory, and only then go on to practice.

Stairs made of wood by their own hands: structural elements

The staircase adds to the construction of luxury and nobility. If you decide to equip such an element is not a porch in the country, but a two-story house, then you need to choose quality and solid construction.

There is a mass of materials from which you can make a ladder, but the most popular still remains wooden construction. By the way, build yourself, it is possible, but for this it is important to know its device.

Elements of wooden staircase:

Kosour Is a beam with projections cut out from one side. On the strips are wooden steps, so this load-bearing element of the stair must have high strength.
Bowstring is an alternative to Kosovar. It is installed in the event that one of the sides of the stairs will be adjacent to the wall. On the aunt are fastened wooden blocks, which serve as a support for the steps.
Steps The obligatory part of each staircase. They are attached to aunty or kosour. The steps can have a variety of shapes.
Approach - the part that holds the middle of the step. It gives the staircase structure additional strength, therefore, despite the fact that many consider this element optional, it is still necessary to install it.
Balusters prop up the rail. They can have different shapes, depending on the style of the stairs.
On pillars lie the handrails. They are massive structures that are located on the site and at the end of the stairs.
Handrails or railing Is an integral part of the ladder design. It is for them that you keep on climbing the stairs. These elements should be perfectly smooth, so as not to leave a splinter in your hands.
Remote bushings and bars Are necessary for installation of platforms between staircases.

Of these elements is a ladder. Depending on the type of construction that you want to get, the shape of some parts of the kit may vary, however the basic set will remain the same.

Options: how to assemble a wooden staircase

There is a lot that can be installed in a garage, a wooden or brick house. Each species is good in its own way. However, most often from the tree marching or. Modular and bolted stairs require a frame of metal.

A single-ladder ladder is easiest to make, so we suggest that those who have not yet mastered the construction pay attention to this option.

Marching stairs are the easiest to install, and easy-to-use designs. They can have several turns, but for wooden houses the most suitable is a one-piece or. It is more difficult to assemble such a construction than a portable stepladder, but the result is worth it.

Types of marching stairs:

A simple, straight, single-staircase ladder is the most popular and reliable option for wooden house. The main disadvantage of this design is that it takes up a lot of space, but this problem can be solved by using the space below it, for example, as a storage room.
The assembly of a single-march curvilinear design, although it has its own nuances, is quite accessible to the beginner. Such a ladder is appropriate to look in spacious rooms.
A two-march platform between the flights is not much more difficult to install in a simple single-march design, but at the same time it saves a maximum of free space.

There are other types of flight stairs, but they are more cumbersome, and therefore are considered less suitable for wooden houses. Choosing the option suitable for your home, consider the size of the room where it will be, and try to soberly assess your opportunities.

Master class on preparation: how to calculate a wooden staircase

When you have decided on the shape of the ladder and chose the location of its installation, you need to calculate its dimensions and build a drawing. If you are not sure that you can do everything correctly, then the construction company will help you, which will not only make a competent project, but also calculate required amount materials.

If you already have a ladder that creaks, then take a closer look, perhaps it will be saved by restoration. Then you will only need to trim the old base, which is much easier than redoing the entire structure.

The correctness of the calculations will depend on how correctly you can determine the size and quantity necessary materials. We will give you the basic calculations that you will have to make.

Step-by-step instruction for determining:

The height of the staircase is equal to the sum of the first floor and the thickness of the interfloor;
The height of the riser can vary between 15-20 cm;
The number of steps is equal to the height of the staircase divided by the height of the riser;
The step width is equal to the retail of the average step length (60-64 cm) and the height of the riser multiplied by 2;
The width of the staircase is chosen depending on the size of the room in which it will be installed, it can vary between 0.8-1.5 m;
In order to calculate the length of the ladder, you must multiply the number of steps, by their width;
The optimal slope of the stairs is 23-36 degrees;
To determine the length of the Kosower, you need to add the square of the length of the ladder with the square of its height.

After you find all the necessary quantities you need to draw a plan for the ladder to scale. Without a visual image, it will be difficult for you to properly attach the lifting structure.

Technology of building wooden stairs

After you make sure that the plan of the ladder is made correctly, and get all the necessary tools and materials, you can proceed directly to its manufacture. Such stairs are usually made of a bar.

First of all, the board for the Kosovra is trimmed in length. It notches with a view of the height and width of the steps, as well as the slope of the stairs.
Where there will be installed a ladder, it is necessary to attach the beams with cuts for Kosovra. In these bars, wall-mounted skews are mounted. At the same time, in the ceiling aperture, the strips are also fixed with a bar.
The risers are attached to the scoops, which should be equal to the width of the ladder, and the steps, which should be at cm longer than the distance between the Kosovars.
Further on glued wooden chopiki are installed balusters two on each step (they should be on the edges of each step). The upper and lower support poles are mounted last.
The wooden railings are attached to the balusters and pillars.

When the glue dries you need to refine the stairs. Its finish includes processing with antiseptic primer and varnish.

Metal and wood: how to make a ladder

Whatever type of stairs you choose, you need to consider where they will be installed. Shoring structures on the second floor, which will be at home, can be made of wood, but here entrance staircase should be equipped more thoroughly.

You may think that even finishing the street structures with wood will not lead to anything good. However, these days there are tools that improve the technological characteristics of wood.

It is better if the staircases located on the street will have a frame made of metal. You can finish the metal construction with wood, in this case you will get both an excellent appearance of the facade of the house, and reliable and durable steps.

Wooden stairs with their own hands: step-by-step instruction (video)

Any multi-storey building involves the installation of stairs. However, for such a service, professionals usually ask for a palpable amount for the purse, so if you are familiar with a construction tool, you can save considerably by doing it yourself.

1 Types of stairs for home

On the ladder are assigned very important functions. On the one hand, it acts as a link between different levels (floors) of the structure and should be as convenient and safe as possible. On the other hand, this architectural element is an integral part of the design. Therefore, its aesthetic side can not be underestimated. Yes, and correctly selected type of stairs will make it a highlight of the whole structure.

There are two types of such designs: screw and march. The first are most relevant in small rooms, where every centimeter is on the account. has a very unusual appearance, but in practicality is much inferior to the marching. First, their assembly is complex. Secondly, this design is rather narrow and is intended only for lifting or lowering one person. And about moving furniture along it in general is not worth talking about. Third, the slightest error in the calculations will lead to poor strength. Therefore, installation of a wooden ladder of this type is best entrusted to qualified specialists.

These problems are not marching structures, consisting of steps and staircases. The number of marches is not limited, but the staircase may not be depending on the height. On the direction of such stairs are divided into straight and. If the marches are perpendicular to each other, then this construction is called a quarter-turn. At the same time, their location in the house is not limited to anything. They can be both at the wall, and represent a stand-alone element.

The merits of this type include simple installation, stability, a wide opening. But the staircase itself will occupy decently square, so for small houses with small rooms this option will not work. Combined structures combine both types. For example, on a certain flight the flight ladder is supplemented with a screw ladder. A feature of this kind can be called interesting design. At the same time, due to the complexity of installation and high cost, it is not in high demand.

2 We disassemble the structure in parts

Before talking in more detail about the installation, you should get a little acquainted with the basic elements of the wooden staircase, especially if you plan to do everything yourself. The most important part can rightly be called a Kosor - a load-bearing beam, supporting the steps from below. On this part of the design all the main loads fall.

What are the steps, everyone knows, but few people think about their design features. These elements consist of two beams: horizontal (tread) and vertical (approach). At the first we attack, and the second is under the tear, performing the supporting function and decorative - closes the void under each step. There are structures with only horizontal elements. They are less durable and reliable.

Another component of the stairs, on which the support-carrying function is placed - the bowstring. Steps are also attached to this beam. Their fixation is quite simple. It is necessary to introduce the ends of the horizontal parts into special openings located on the supporting element. This design is less reliable than the oblique, so the latter is more popular. And what ladder can be without a handrail? They provide our safe and comfortable movement and are designed to create a unique aesthetic appearance. Many people come up with their own design, and if creativity is not a strong point, then you can always spy it somewhere.

If the ladder includes several spans, then in all corner locations it is necessary to install support poles.Elements located at the very top are usually called terminators, and in the middle intermediate. Basically, this part is made of the same material as the rest of the components. The pillars made of solid wood look more solid, and the glued ones attract their price policy.

3 Choose wood for stairs

It goes without saying that the main material in this case is wood, but what kind of wood? Oak wooden stairs are distinguished by their high strength and excellent appearance, so their installation is popular even among those who do it to their hands. But this material has its drawbacks. First, the porous structure does not allow sanding the surface perfectly smoothly. Secondly, the relative high cost.

Beech is slightly cheaper than oak, but also has excellent strength characteristics. Any coating lays on the surface perfectly smoothly. However, during operation, the increased hygroscopicity of the material should be taken into account. There is another breed of wood that deserves attention - ash. Its structure is rather dense. An amazing combination of increased strength, flexibility and plasticity make it easy to surface with a grinding tool. But be prepared that wood over time tends to color gradation.

To budgetary options can be attributed pine. Another undeniable plus - ease of processing, and to find elements from this tree will not be difficult. But there are some negative factors:

low hardness;
low level of wear resistance;
because of the resins, the tint layer falls unevenly;
over time, the shade changes;
heterogeneity of the structure.

If you still tend to an inexpensive pine, then at least you should choose a better material. Such wood does not have any resin lenses, knots or other defects on its surface.

4 Build without errors - how to do this?

Today, the shelves of building stores are crowded with all kinds of components for such stairs, and there is no problem to make them on order, which will greatly simplify the process. The assembly of the structure from the finished parts is by everyone's strength, and ours detailed instructions will help you with this.

How to assemble a ladder with your own hands - turn-based scheme

Step 1: Design

How easy it will be to install a wooden ladder with your own hands depends on the correctness of the calculations. First we make a project. All are taken into account: the layout of the house, the location of the staircase itself, its dimensions (height, width, steps, etc.). Many construction companies make a design for stairs. And if you do not have the relevant knowledge and skills, it is better to seek professional help, because the slightest miscalculation can lead to sad consequences. With the help of special calculators it will be possible to make all the calculations yourself.

It is advisable to adhere to the following dimensions: the slope is not more than 30 °, the step height is about 170 mm, and the width is within 300 mm.

Experienced masters advise the number of steps to make odd. The rails for adults are located at a height of 90 cm from the floor, and for children - 60 cm. If the width of the ladder is more than 110 cm, then the handrails should be installed on both sides.

Step 2: Preparation of the tool

Installation of wooden stairs involves the use of some tools. We need a circular saw, a router, a jig saw and a grinder. Also prepare a plane, a hammer, a hacksaw, clamps, a level and a screwdriver with self-tapping screws.

a building square and a pencil. We mark two perpendicular lines corresponding to the height of the riser and the width of the horizontal element minus 3 cm on the inside of the Kosoura. Using the electric saw, we remove the excess part.

Now we put the support beam in place. If all calculations are correct, then its underside will firmly rest against the floor, and the upper side - in the overlap. Two or more supporting elements are needed, so we take another beam and make similar cuts in it. To simplify the process, you can use the first workpiece as a template. After that, we process the product with a grinding machine, miter the edges and connect with each other using a beam at the top and bottom. To fix the latter, it is necessary to make the appropriate cuts and fix the elements with bolted connections.

Step 5: Set the steps

The installation of the ladder can not be considered complete if the structure does not have steps. The vertical elements are prepared first and attached to the front side of the Kosovra. Usually, reliable fixing is provided by screws, but special glues can be used. Next, prepare treads, grind, milling, and then attach to the base. If the supporting element is a string, then the horizontal parts of the steps are inserted into the grooves prepared and well grouted with adhesive grooves.

Step 6: Installation of the handrail

Now it remains to establish the pillars. Typically, the intermediate elements are placed on each stage, so they provide reliable protection. They are fixed by means of long pins. On top of the railing. These elements are made from any material. Instead intermediate pillars it is possible to install carved partitions. The choice depends on the preferences and style.

Step 7: Care

After a successful assembly, the wooden stairs must be refined. We cover the wood with a layer of lacquer of the right shade or paint. To protect the steps, especially if they are of pine and are prone to rapid abrasion, you can fix the carpet track on top or glue a special protective material. It is not necessary to wash wooden elements with a wet cloth during cleaning, and even more so it is undesirable to interact with aggressive means.