For heating a medium-sized building, the most efficient heating method would be an electrical heating system. In addition, such a system is the safest from an environmental point of view. And connecting the electric boiler to the heating system is an important and expedient issue.
Electric heat generators have a high efficiency, which means they will provide the most optimal temperature in any type of room. Many modern generating sets are equipped with an adjustment system, which allows you to adjust their operating mode in the most optimal and convenient way.
Another advantage that electrical appliances for heating have is the absence of parts that act on each other mechanically. This reduces the risk of failure of these units by several times.
If we compare such a project as a scheme for connecting an electric heating boiler with devices operating on other types of heat carriers, then we can see some significant nuances.
As an example, let's take the connection of an electric heating boiler Protherm SKAT for heating. Only an employee from a specialized organization should connect such a boiler to electricity and the heating system. The unit is best purchased at a specialized store, as it will have all the necessary documents and will be placed in its original packaging. You can open the package only in the presence of an employee from a specialized service. Together with the employee, it is necessary to determine whether there are mechanical damages or other defects on the surface of the unit.
Before installing an electric heating boiler, it is necessary to remove the plugs from the pipes and check that there is no dirt in the pipes and communications. Various gaskets and sealing materials are required to attach the apparatus.
Choosing a place to install a thermal electric generator
It is best if the installation of an electric heating boiler is carried out in a non-residential premises. For these purposes, the kitchen will be an excellent place. The generator must be located in a location that is convenient for both installation and maintenance.
If you install the generator in accordance with the standards, then it is necessary that there is at least 5 cm of free space from its sides to the wall. There must be a free space of at least 70 cm in front of the device, at least 80 cm above the device, and at least 50 cm below it.
The heat generator must only be installed on a wall that is built of non-combustible material. To carry out the suspension of the device, you must use a special mounting plate. Such an element should be included in the basic package of the device. The plank must be attached to the wall with 4 dowels.
If a membrane-type expansion tank is installed in the device, then the heating system is designed for a volume of no more than 500 liters.
The electric boiler heating connection diagram implies that another membrane-type pressure compensator will need to be installed in a more capacious heating system.
Scheme of connecting an electric boiler to the network
Before connecting an electric heating boiler, it should be noted that the electric boiler must be connected to the network through copper wiring. The cross section of the wire must not be smaller than the one indicated in the document that came with the device. The electrical connections of the external type device must be made through special cable outlets. These conclusions should be located in the lower left corner. There should also be a brass ground terminal with an M6 size bolt.
During the insertion of the electric boiler into the heating system and the installation of grounding, it is necessary to ensure that good and reliable contact is provided between the metal case of the device and the brass bolt. Before connecting the bolt to the frame of the device, you need to thoroughly clean the junction.
During the installation of an electric boiler for heating in the heating system, it will be necessary to use a room-type regulator, which has a potential-free output.
If electric heating is planned to be organized for a building with a large area, then when purchasing equipment, you need to choose one that provides for the possibility of installing a cascade. In order for the devices to work properly in a cascade, the terminals of the control device must be connected to the unit that is controlled. If the system setting is controlled by a room type controller, then the control contacts must be connected to the terminals of the control unit.
The device must be inspected visually and make sure that it is in the correct position, the water pressure in the system is normal, and all communications are connected. All this is defined in the documentation of the unit.
After that, the installation scheme for an electric heating boiler involves the following steps:
- It is necessary to check the serviceability of the pipeline fittings located in front of the unit. To do this, you need to switch it from the "closed" to "open" position, and vice versa.
- All pipeline fittings of the electric heat generator are transferred to the "closed" position. It is also necessary to transfer the pipeline fittings of the water supply system and the heating system to this position.
- On those pipelines that bring cold water to the unit, you need to open the shut-off valves. If an electric heating system is used, it is not recommended to use antifreeze liquids for it. This is because they have properties that can affect the operation of the equipment in a negative way. Anti-freeze fluids have a composition that can cause aging or rapid wear of rubber components.
- It is necessary to install a sump or filter before entering the unit on the return pipeline. You can install both of these elements.
- After the heating system is completely filled with water, it is necessary to check how tight it is.
When the installation of an electric boiler with heating radiators is completed, it is necessary to check how efficient the sensors of the system are. These include such sensors as: temperature controller, water pressure sensor, signal and control components of the unit, emergency type temperature sensor.
During repair of the heating unit or during unfavorable installation conditions, it is possible to connect an electric heater using rubber hoses.
For the heating system, it is necessary to use water with a minimum hardness index. Then the service life of the heating elements can be significantly extended.
The main issue that will be considered in this article is a typical scheme for connecting an electric heating boiler to a 220 and 380 Volt network. That is why the main bias will be directed only to the rules and sequence of connecting wires. As for the scheme for installing radiators, pipelines and other elements of the central heating system, we will provide it only in a general form.
Installation options
So, for starters, let's deal with the options for connecting an electric boiler in a private house and apartment with our own hands:
- If the power of the water heater does not exceed 3.5 kW, then it is usually powered from the outlet. In this case, the use of a single-phase 220V network is allowed.
- In the event that the power varies between 3.5-7 kW, it is necessary to do the wiring with your own hands directly from the junction box. This is due to the fact that the outlet may not withstand high current loads. As in the previous case, a 220-volt network is allowed for use.
- Well, the last option that can be found is an electric boiler with a power of over 7 kW. In this case, it is necessary not only to run a separate cable from the distribution box, but also to use a more powerful 3-phase 380V network.
Wiring in a single-phase network
As we have already said, you can connect the water heater to a single-phase network through a plug or a separately powered cable. There is no point in even dwelling on the first option, because. Anyone can plug into an outlet.
As for the second option, first you need to carry out (if the required core diameter is not indicated in the product passport), then bring the conductor to the place. Then everything is simple - we connect the phase, zero and ground with the corresponding terminals in the unit (they are marked). To your attention is a schematic diagram of connecting an electric boiler with a thermostat to the heating system: 
Wiring in a three-phase network
The scheme for connecting an electric boiler to a three-phase network is more complicated, but even a beginner can do it.
The three phases must be connected as follows:
Pay attention to the following nuances:
- Each water heater comes with a technical passport, which must indicate the manufacturer's recommended wiring diagram for the electric boiler. Be guided only by this document in your case, because. examples provided on the Internet may not always be suitable for your heating system.
- Be sure to protect the boiler and. These devices will prevent overloading the unit, short circuit and current leakage in the mains.
- The wiring must be grounded.
To your attention is a visual project of electric heating in a two-story cottage using a boiler: 
With the onset of winter, you want your home to be warm and cozy. An electric boiler is able to provide comfortable conditions for living in a private or country house during the cold season. There are many models of electric boilers on the market for various heating systems. When the choice has already been made, the problem arises, but how to properly install an electric heating boiler. Let's look into this issue.
General concept of electric boilers and their types
The electric boiler is part of the heating system. The main function is heating and supplying water to the system. The principle of operation of an electric boiler is to transform electricity into heat, while the efficiency is 96-99%, which exceeds those of gas and solid fuel boilers, the efficiency of which rarely exceeds 75-80%.
Electric boilers are divided into:
1. Rheostatic or tenovye - have a main heating element that heats the water. In this case, the power of the boiler depends on the power of the heating elements.
- easy installation,
- compactness,
- temperature control sensors,
- affordable price.
- the appearance of scale on the heating elements,
- the need for frequent replacement of tenov.
2. Electrode or direct action - the principle of operation of such a boiler is the passage of an electric current through water and the release of heat to heat it. Such boilers are compact and safe. Since water molecules are split into ions, scale does not appear on the surface of the boiler, in contrast to the tin ones.
3. Induction - have the highest efficiency, while not using heating elements. Special materials, made of magnetic chemical compounds, emit heat under the influence of current. Such boilers are safe. They have the highest value.
Advantages and disadvantages of electric boilers
Among the advantages are:
- No open flame.
- Leave no waste.
- Easy temperature control.
- Relatively high CDP.
- Easy installation: no chimney.
- They take up little space, do not require additional space for placement.
- Modern models allow you to choose a boiler that fits perfectly into the interior.
- Do not require ventilation systems or chimneys.
- Environmental friendliness - do not emit harmful substances.
- Safety.
Disadvantages of electric boilers:
- High price.
- In the event of a power outage, the boiler will shut down.
- When choosing a boiler with an electric heating element, scale settles on it, which provokes a sharp increase in electricity consumption.
- The room in which the boiler is installed must have high-quality thermal insulation. Otherwise, a lot of heat will be wasted, which will significantly increase energy consumption.
Safety rules for installing an electric boiler
Before installing an electric boiler, read the safety rules:
- Make sure the power is off.
- Do not install the boiler near a water supply or near water sources.
- Shut-off valves must not be used when installing the electric boiler.
- A necessary element of the installation is grounding.
- Before installing the boiler, you need to obtain permission from special services.
- Entrust the repair of the electric boiler only to an experienced electrician.
- Make sure that the power of the boiler is suitable for this wiring.
- The instructions indicate the optimal distance for the location of the boiler.
- The material from which the fixing wall is made must be non-combustible.
How to calculate the suitable power of an electric boiler
There are many different models of electric boilers on the market today. Before buying, decide how much boiler power is needed to heat the room. Consider the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, the condition of windows, doors, floors, the number of rooms. Boilers have power from 2 to 60 kW. For individual heating, boilers with a capacity of 2 to 20 kW are used.
For an approximate calculation of power, we use the formula:
- F-boiler power
- S - room area
- F1 - boiler power per 10 m². But each climatic region has its own average power:
- For the southern regions - 0.7-0.9 kW
- For the middle climatic zone - 1-1.2 kW
- For northern latitudes - 1.2-2 kW
- F=S*F1/10
For example, to install an electric boiler in the northern latitudes in a room of 60 m², the required power is calculated as follows: 60 * 1.2 / 10 \u003d 7.2 kW - the minimum power of the electric boiler.
In order for the room to be really warm, it is necessary to take into account some other factors:
- quality of thermal insulation,
- number of rooms
- the number and size of windows,
- basement and attic
- roof insulation,
- building floor,
- specific climatic features of the region,
- ventilation mode.
In general, such a calculation is quite complicated and is ordered from professionals. But in practice, the expediency of such actions is available only if we are talking about a room with an area of more than 150 m2. For more compact apartments, it is enough to add 1.5 kW to the above formula - this will be the minimum boiler power.
Installation of an electric heating boiler
Electric heating boilers about the mounting method are divided into:
- Wall.
- Floor.
The difference in the installation of these types is insignificant. The wall-mounted boiler is attached to the wall, and the floor-mounted boiler to the floor. The rest of the installation principle is the same.
First, prepare the necessary tools:
- User guide,
- Drill or perforator,
- Level
- Mounting profile and mounting plate,
- electric wire,
- A certain number of pipes
- fasteners,
- Keys for connecting the boiler to the heating system,
- Cable with a certain cross section,
- Pipes: metal or metal-plastic,
- Scheme of installation of an electric boiler.
When installing an electric boiler, do the following:
- Start with markup. Using a pencil and level, draw the location of the boiler. Try to install the boiler in a room away from the plumbing system.
- Using a drill or puncher, drill the necessary holes, make sure that the wall can easily support the weight of the boiler.
- Attach the fixing profile and mounting plate. Using a bubble level, measure the evenness of the fasteners. It is very important that the boiler is securely attached to the wall. Attach the boiler using dowels.
- To install a floor-standing boiler, attach a special metal stand to the floor.
- The next step is to install grounding. Some models of electric boilers do not work without grounding, or a special light comes on, which warns of a lack of grounding. The operation of the boiler without grounding is dangerous both for the house and for the people living in it. It is advisable to bring out a separate power supply line, since the power does not always allow the boiler to be connected to a conventional introductory machine.
- To install the grounding, you need to make a grounding center. These are several metal pins that are interconnected by fittings. The pins are buried in the ground. When the boiler is connected to a separate machine, a neutral wire is drawn from it to these pins. Thus, excess overvoltage goes to the ground.
- It is very important to correctly calculate the wire size. The higher the power, the larger the cross section. How to choose the correct section of the photo:
- After the boiler hangs on the wall, run a cable of a certain section from the machine to it. If the boiler has a power of up to 6 kW, connect it to a single-phase machine, if the power is from 6 to 12 kW - to a two-phase one, and if it is above 12 kW, a three-phase machine will need to be connected. To connect a single-phase boiler, you need to buy a single-phase safety switch. When connecting a three-phase boiler, we connect the wires M1, M2, M3. We connect the zero cable to the bus on the shield. Grounding goes to a separate bus.
- Install a residual current device near the boiler.
- The wires of the temperature control sensors and the off timer are wired separately.
- If the electric pump and expansion tank are not installed in the boiler, then they are installed. Using fasteners and an electric drill, install the expansion tank. The pump is installed near the boiler on the water supply pipe. Advantages of installing an expansion tank:
- provision of hot water for domestic needs,
- avoiding overheating of the electric boiler,
- saving electricity.
- We connect the boiler, electric pump and expansion tank to each other using metal-plastic or metal pipes.
- Try to hide all electrical wires in cable channels. Install the protective cover.
- The next step is to connect the boiler to the heating system. First you need to turn off the water with a stopcock. Using flanges and couplings, we attach the boiler to the pipeline.
Electric boiler installation diagram:
- The final stage is the connection of the boiler to the power supply. Before doing this, make sure that grounding is carried out and all wires are connected correctly. The distance between the contacts should be 0.03 cm. As soon as the device has started working, turn on the water supply and check the work.
- If necessary, remove excess air from the system and check the boiler in all modes. This is done using a pump or compressor, creating the necessary pressure.
- If the boiler is installed in a heating system that was used before, then it must be thoroughly rinsed with special means.
- It is best to use an electric boiler as an additional option for heating the room.
- In the absence of skills in working with electrical appliances, entrust the installation of an electric boiler to specialists.
- If the boiler being installed is of the electrode type, the following accessories must be installed: pressure gauge, air vent, check valve.
- When using an open type system, a shut-off valve must be installed.
- It is best to carry out grounding with a copper cable with a cross section of 4 mm.
- On one side, leave room for technical work in case of boiler malfunctions.
- Install a filter on the return line of the heating system.
The electric heating boiler consists of a heat exchanger, a metal container and a controller. Its feature is the conversion of electricity into heating the coolant (water, oil or antifreeze).
Such devices are widely used for heating offices, warehouses, garages, shops and private homes. Their advantages:
- The power control system allows you to adjust the temperature in the house as accurately as possible.
- Noiseless.
- Work only on electricity, environmentally friendly.
- Safe due to the absence of open flames.
- Such boilers are devoid of mechanisms that directly affect each other, which means they are resistant to wear.
- Compact.
- They do not require constant attention.
- Efficient (efficiency is 100%).
- Do not require special permission for self-installation.
The only negative is malfunctions during power outages or power outages.
Where to begin
In order to connect the electric boiler, you need to draw up a wiring diagram. Its type is determined by the power of the device and the type of system (single or double circuit).
Necessary the condition for installing such a heat generator is uninterrupted power supply.
Where to install and how
Connecting an electric boiler to the heating system is simple. Of great importance is the voltage, focusing on which, you need to correctly calculate the installation diagram and select the appropriate model.
Distinguished by power two types: floor and wall. The first one has a higher power - more than 60 kW.
For an electric generator of any type with a power of more than 12 kW, a three-phase network is required. In other cases, two-phase is sufficient. When installing, the lower pipe must be located below the radiator so that water (oil or antifreeze) does not linger in the system.
For installation, most often they choose a kitchen or some kind. It is important that there are no combustible materials on the wall where the boiler will hang.
Preparation of the electric boiler
Need to check:
- Body damage (dents, scratches).
- Wiring Condition. If any damage is found, temporary twisting of the wires is allowed.
- No accumulation of dust.
- The operation of the RCD, which is necessary in case of power surges. A switch is mounted in the wall of the house near the boiler. It must be accessible to the public.
Read also: Combined electric-wood boilers
Installation nuances
There are two types of electric heat generator systems:
- With natural pressure on the coolant (the electric boiler is located at the bottom of the circuit).
- With forced circulation. It is possible to locate the device at any point in the circuit (except for the highest one).
Many install not one, but two electric boilers. If the backup device does not work at full capacity, then the device is installed in parallel, so that both generators work with the same power.
Strapping scheme ("classic" version)
For tying you need:
- Brackets.
- Filters.
- Stop valve.
- Valves (return and protection).
- Expansion tank.
- Pump (if required).
- Thermometer and manometer.
There are the following types of strapping:
- With the installation of a hot water circuit (oil or antifreeze): before entering the tap, the coolant passes through the electric boiler.
- With connection to the underfloor heating system.
- Normal electrical connection.
If the connection of a suburban area to a centralized gas supply is impossible for any reason and is at least not planned in the coming years, then heating from an electric boiler is often used to heat private houses - the solution has a number of advantages, although it is not without drawbacks.
In order for the use of the device to be effective, it is important to correctly select the electrical equipment and the circuit diagram. We offer to understand the design and functional features of different types of electric boilers, as well as to evaluate the features of various options for connecting units to the heating system.
For those who plan to organize home heating from an electrical appliance, it will be useful to know how to use a dual tariff in order to reduce electricity bills.
The electric boiler converts electrical energy into thermal energy and, depending on the design features, it can be:
- heating elements;
- electrode;
- induction.
Regardless of the type, modern models are equipped with which you can adjust the power of the device and the degree of heating of the coolant.
Usually it is also possible to receive information from an external sensor in order to control the temperature of the air mass in a particular room.
Heating element device
Install inside a container intended for water. They can be made in the form of tubes or plates. To regulate the degree of heating, the heaters are switched on alternately.
Water enters the tank, heats up, then is transferred to the circuit. As it cools or heats up, individual heating elements turn on or off. The movement of the coolant is controlled by the built-in circulation pump.
Depending on the size and type of heating elements, electric boilers are wall-mounted or floor-standing. It is necessary to choose a place for installing the device so that it is convenient to service it.
To do this, you can use special formulas to perform calculations manually. It is convenient to use calculators available on specialized sites. After entering information about the area, scheme and other characteristics of the TS, the program will provide the necessary information.
Usually the estimated length of the pipe is slightly increased in order to have a small margin. If it seems too short, you just have to buy a new one. For a warm floor, a filtration system is needed so that the coolant is clean enough.
Electric boiler and double tariff
One of the significant reasons for using an electric boiler for heating is the possibility of using double billing for the use of electricity. Reduced fees at night can significantly reduce costs.
A two-tariff meter makes it possible to pay for electricity used at night much less than during the day and saves owners of electric boilers
You will need to purchase and install a two-tariff meter. It is worth noting that double-circuit models of equipment with a heating element supply hot water to a collapsible faucet with a characteristic noticeable delay. As a result, part of the heat is lost, which reduces the effect of saving electricity.
It makes sense to supplement such a design with an external heat accumulator capable of maintaining a high temperature of heated water for a long time. Such a device is quite effective when using a two-tariff meter.
The water is heated at night, kept warm and used during the day, the consumption of electricity during the day is reduced, as are the bills for the electricity used.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
The order of installation of the electric boiler:
Although the use of an electric boiler as a heating device is considered too expensive, its advantages are obvious. Such devices are safe for people and the environment, operate automatically, are affordable and easy to use.
If the type of heating system is chosen correctly, and all its components are professionally installed, the boiler will work for a long time without any extra costs.
Do you have experience using an electric boiler for home heating? Or want to ask questions on the topic? Please comment on the post and participate in the discussions. The feedback block is located below.