An extension ladder in a private house occupies an important place, since it is simply necessary for carrying out the required construction, repair and installation work. Most often you can find a metal or wooden version. The extension ladder is characterized by the fact that it has a one-piece, non-demountable structure, so its manufacture does not require any additional fasteners. That is why it is much easier to make than a folding and collapsible design.
It is quite possible to make a durable and safe wooden ladder yourself; the most important thing is to put in just a little effort and choose the right wood.
It is worth noting that it is quite possible to make a wooden staircase yourself, the most important thing is:
- Select wood;
- Carry out calculations;
Wood is considered a fairly simple material to process and assemble the structure, and it does not require many additional materials, just paint and varnish. With proper use and care of the product, it can last for a long time without any problems. The most commonly used wood for staircases is coniferous wood.
However, in order for it to serve for a long time, it is best to use:
- Maple;
- Ash.
When selecting beams, you need to take into account that they must be perfectly smooth, there should be no unevenness, damage, or cracks on their surface, and you also need to make sure that there is no glue protruding. When making an extension ladder, you need to consider what dimensions it will have. If the height of the stairs is less than 3 meters, then beams with a cross-section of only 40x50 mm are suitable. If the height of the stairs is more than 3 meters, then the dimensions of the beam should be 40x80 mm. The steps can be made of wood of absolutely any species.
For steps, timber with a cross section of 35x40 mm is perfect. Before starting work on the manufacture of an extension ladder, you need to carefully treat all parts with an antiseptic, as this will help prevent the process of rotting. In addition, this will help increase the lifespan of the ladder.
How to make a wooden ladder yourself: design features
The production of a wooden ladder does not take much time, since all the required work can be carried out in the shortest possible time. When making such a structure, the most important thing is to correctly carry out all the required calculations, as well as prepare materials and tools.
In particular such as:
- Self-tapping screws;
- Saw;
- Screwdriver;
- Antiseptic;
- Construction adhesive;
- Roulette.
The optimal size of the structure will be 4600x500 mm, as it will be quite strong, stable and easy to use. The steps must be carefully secured in special grooves of the bowstrings. Support posts must be attached at the top and bottom, every two meters of the stairs. When making a structure, it is imperative to use special reinforcing attachments, especially if the ladder is installed in soft ground during the work. In this case, special pads equipped with pins are put on.
When assembling the stairs, you need to take into account that the bottom should be slightly wider than the top. It will be optimal if the bottom is 40 cm and the top is 30 cm. Before mounting the steps on prepared supports, you need to make preliminary markings and put numbers on the steps themselves. This will allow, if necessary, to quickly carry out repairs and replace the damaged step.
Important! Before starting all the required work, you must make a drawing, as this guarantees the reliability and strength of the structure being manufactured.
Extension ladder made independently from wood: processing and painting
Having made an extension ladder from natural wood, you must carefully process and paint the finished product.
Staircase treatment is mandatory, as this allows:
- Protect wood from rotting;
- Increase reliability;
- Increase the service period.
According to safety regulations, the use of oil paints for painting ladders is strictly prohibited. Using oil paint to paint stairs makes the steps quite slippery, which is dangerous, especially when working at heights. Instead of oil paint, it is best to use drying oil. It must be applied to the entire surface of the wood, preferably in several layers, and then, after complete drying, the product must be coated with colorless varnish. Adhesion can be significantly increased by applying a primer, which comes in several types, to the surface of the steps.
Pre-treatment and painting of wood will avoid swelling and warping resulting from exposure to precipitation. To prevent paint from clogging the slots of the screws during processing, it is best to unscrew them, and after completing all procedures, screw them back in. The paint is very easy to apply and can be done with a brush or roller.
How wooden ladders are made: GOST
An extension ladder is needed in every private home, as it is a very convenient and practical design for climbing to great heights during construction, installation and repair work. You can purchase a ready-made staircase or make it yourself, which is quite simple and does not require much time. When manufacturing an extension ladder, it is imperative to strictly comply with all GOST standards, as well as carry out the required calculations, as this will make the structure truly reliable and safe to use.
More information about the requirements for stairs according to GOST in the article:
According to GOST standards, when manufacturing stairs, it is necessary to take into account such factors as:
- Product height;
- Distance between fastenings;
- Coating composition.
The optimal height of the stairs should not be more than 5 meters, the angle of rise should be no more than 60 degrees. After the staircase has been manufactured, all the required tests must be carried out to ensure its reliability and the strength of all individual elements. In addition, all required tests according to existing standards must be carried out once a year.
Do-it-yourself functional wooden extension ladder: drawings (video)
Extension ladders made of wood occupy a special place in the house, as they are simply irreplaceable when performing the required work at height.
Hello everybody!
How to get to an object that is at a height beyond your reach? How to collect fruits from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once; it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called a Stepladder.
Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary stairs; they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe the method of making an extension ladder, with a detailed photo report.
To make the stairs we will need:
Materials:
Two beams 60*40 mm;
- timber 50*35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.
Tool:
Wood saw or other available cutting tool;
- Sander;
- drill;
- hammer;
- axe;
- mount.
Let's start by taking two vertical strings with a beam cross-section of 60*40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in this case the length was 3.6 m.
In order to make the stairs strong and the upper edge of the steps to be horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, apply markings in the places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs to be 30 cm. We use timber for the steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions We make markings and apply them on both sides of the bowstring. Next, mark the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the resulting marks with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.
Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove part of the wood at an angle, but before doing this, we need to make a recess along the marked line with a hacksaw, this is so that the timber does not split in a place that is unnecessary for us.
We use the ax as a plane, leveling the angle of the notch.
In a similar way we make notches on both bowstrings.
Next, using a grinding machine, we process the surface of the timber.
We need to carefully align the notches we made.
Now, using paint, we paint the inside of the nicks. Set them aside until completely dry.
Next, we take a beam with a cross section of 50*35 mm for the steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a plane and use it to remove the chamfer. We perform the same operation on each block.
Then you need to make one of the sides of the beams the base one; to do this, take a corner ruler and apply markings using a pencil.
When everything is ready, use a cutting tool to saw off all the uneven edges, then sand the surface and smooth the ends.
Now you can move on to making the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the staircase, it needs to be made with a slight narrowing. The top part should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs to be 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. You can take other sizes at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.
Using a square, we apply markings in the place where the future step will be cut.
Let's start cutting.
When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinding machine.
Next, we find the center at the edges of the beam; to do this, we need to step back from each edge by half the thickness of the string (20 mm).
Then we make holes for self-tapping screws at the marked centers. The self-tapping screw should fit freely into this hole.
We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill.
Now we install the top and bottom crossbars, placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After this, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where the hole will need to be drilled. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisted. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 smaller than the thickness of the screws.
Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressing side of the crossbar.
When the stairs are given the required dimensions, we add the missing steps; to do this, we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, aligning the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.
There is a staircase in any large house; it carries not only a practical, but also an aesthetic function. And if a stationary structure must meet a large number of requirements, then for access, for example, to an attic space, a simpler model can be made - an extension ladder. As a rule, such structures are made of wood and are very easy to assemble. How to choose the material and make such a staircase with your own hands will be discussed in this article.
Types of ladders
At their core, such designs are the simplest. For their manufacture, they usually buy aluminum, wood or stainless steel. However, such stairs can also be divided into several types. An extension ladder usually has an inclination angle of about 65-70⁰. This is quite a lot, so going up and down such stairs with a load will be difficult. There is also a folding type of staircase structure. It is good when you need to organize access to the attic space, but installing a stationary version of the staircase is impossible. This design can be moved from place to place or fixed in the attic hatch. And finally, the third type of ladders is retractable. It can have an optimal angle of inclination and consists of several sections fastened to each other.
Purpose of the design
As a rule, such structures are used where it is impossible to install a stationary staircase. This was mentioned above. There is such a staircase in almost every private house, since without it it is impossible to climb into hard-to-reach places. Considering that carrying heavy loads along it is not very convenient and safe, it is better to make a transforming ladder instead of such a design. However, it is extension stairs that are popular in country houses. Some people decide to purchase a ready-made structure made of aluminum pipes, but most people prefer to make it themselves. Moreover, the work is easy to implement and does not take too much time.
Important! Beginning craftsmen should not choose complex staircase designs, as a lack of experience may affect the quality of workmanship.
What materials and tools will be needed
To make a ladder with your own hands, you need to buy:
- Bars, the cross-section of which is 5x5 cm.
- Beams with a section of 10x5 cm.
- Edged board, its cross-section should be 10x2.5 cm.
- Self-tapping screws.
- Screwdriver.
- Saw.
- Antiseptic.
- Rubber shoes for support.
- Universal glue.
- Roulette.
The wood must be smooth, without cracks or any distortions.
It is important that the wood has the same drying. You can use species such as pine or other conifers.
How to calculate
If the length of the staircase does not exceed 2 m, use a 5x5 cm beam. If the length is not higher than 3.5 m, you need a 10x2.5 cm beam, it must be placed on the edge. If the height of the staircase is more than 3.5 m, it is recommended to take a 10x5 cm beam. Measuring the height is very easy, just know the point where the upper edge of the structure should be located.
The maximum height of the stairs is no more than 5 meters!
Using a tape measure, measure the distance between the ground and this point. Another 35–50 cm should be added to the resulting figure, since the angle of inclination of the stairs must be taken into account. To calculate how much materials will be needed, you need to know the width of the structure (usually it is 40-60 cm) and the pitch - it is 25-35 cm.
Manufacturing instructions
Before starting work, the material must be treated with an antiseptic. Depending on the height of the structure, it is necessary to take a beam of the appropriate section and saw it to size. These will be the sidewalls on which markings should be made for the steps, taking into account the width of the step. The markings should be made taking into account an outlet of 500 mm on both sides. That is, if the width of the stairs is 50 cm, then the markings should be 60 cm. This avoids cracking of the steps when they are fastened with self-tapping screws.
If the width of the staircase remains unchanged, cut steps from the corresponding boards, the width of which is 60 cm. Next, lay the bowstrings on a flat surface, while the distance between the sidewalls should be 50 cm. To avoid slanting the structure, using a cord or tape measure, compare the diagonals between opposite sides. They must be identical. All that remains is to secure the steps with self-tapping screws, having previously placed them on glue. You need 2 screws on each side. After the staircase is ready, it is necessary to cover the wood with drying oil.
For a more complete understanding of how to make such a staircase yourself, we recommend watching this video:
Making a wooden staircase yourself: video
As you can see, making an attached staircase structure is very simple, so even a novice carpenter can make it without much effort. By spending a little time, effort and money, you will get a high-quality and practical ladder, which you cannot do without in your household.
Do-it-yourself wooden ladder: how to make it, drawing, etc.
Types of ladders, detailed instructions for making such a structure, as well as other useful information on the topic.
Do it yourself!
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The simplest DIY wooden ladder
At the initial stage of construction of private houses and cottages, and sometimes in other unforeseen circumstances, it is necessary to quickly make an extension wooden ladder from scrap materials. In this case, what is required of the staircase is, first of all, its strength qualities, even to the detriment of its appearance.
To quickly manufacture a wooden ladder, standard softwood lumber (pine, spruce) of the following names is used:
To reduce the weight of the stairs and increase strength, it is desirable that the lumber be dry. In addition, it should not have knots, especially through ones, cross-layers and cracks.
For the steps we use an edged board with a cross-section of 100×25 mm, which makes it possible to secure it on each side with two nails or self-tapping screws (better).
For bowstrings - long side bars, we use, depending on the length of the stairs, the following lumber:
- For staircase lengths up to 2 meters – timber 50×50 mm;
- Up to 3.5 meters – 100×25 mm (per edge);
- Up to 6 meters - 100×50 mm (per edge).
Determining the required length of a wooden ladder
Knowing the point where the top edge of the stairs should be, we measure the vertical distance to the floor (ground). Since the ladder is not placed vertically, but at an angle of 60-80 degrees, that is, it is, as it were, a hypotenuse, we add 30-50 cm to the measured value, depending on its length.
Stages of making a wooden ladder
- Depending on the length of the stairs, we take 2 beams of the required section (see above) and saw them to size.
- On the sidewalls cut to the required size, we make markings for the steps in increments of 30-40 cm.
- It has been experimentally proven that in order to carry out any work on the stairs, its width must be at least 50 cm. This means that the length of the steps, taking into account the 5 cm release on each side, will be equal to 60 cm. This is done so as not to cracking of the ends of the steps occurred as a result of attaching them to the strings with nails or self-tapping screws.
- If the width of the stairs is the same 50 cm (at the top and bottom), then from boards with a section of 100 × 25 mm we cut steps 60 cm long in the required quantity.
- On level ground, lay the sidewalls (strings) parallel so that the distance between them is 50 cm.
- To prevent the staircase from slanting, we use a cord or a batten to measure the diagonals between the opposite ends of the sidewalls - they must be equal. If not, then move the sidewalls to one side or the other, while maintaining a size of 50 cm between them.
- Using nails, 2 on each side, 70 mm long, or self-tapping screws, we connect the steps to the sidewalls. The staircase is ready!
- It is also recommended to cover the stairs with a compound to protect them from environmental influences so that the stairs will last longer on the farm.
Anyone can quickly make such a staircase, and a specialist spends 20 to 40 minutes on its manufacture, depending on the length. Long-term use of a wooden ladder can cause it to become loose. In this case, it is embroidered diagonally on the sidewalls with a piece of board.
- Category: Tools
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Do-it-yourself wooden extension ladder, Do it yourself!
Let's make a simple wooden ladder with our own hands. For this we need standard softwood lumber, nails or screws,
How to make a ladder with your own hands
A true home craftsman should know how to make the necessary ladder for the household with his own hands. This issue is especially relevant for owners of private houses and personal plots. In fact, there is nothing complicated about this and even a beginner can cope with the task, the main thing is to comply with the requirements for this type of product and not deviate from the technology of their manufacture.
Design Features
First of all, you need to better understand the design features and consider the basic requirements for ladders. In fact, they are the simplest type of product, and therefore it is quite easy to make them with your own hands. The design consists of two long planks connected by crossbar steps.
If you make two ladders and then connect them together, you get a stepladder.
The side support beams are called bowstrings; they support the entire structure and hold the crossbars together. The latter can be made in the form of slats of a smaller or the same cross-section, and steps can also be additionally strengthened on them for greater convenience.
A popular type of household ladder is a stepladder, consisting of two ladders
You can calculate the length of the side elements for a future staircase in this way: measure how high you need the product and add 30 cm to this figure. Please note that for wooden products the maximum height is 5 m. The step for steps is on average 25-30 cm. For To determine their quantity, the length of the bowstring must be divided by the distance between the crossbars.
A prerequisite for a durable structure is screeds. They are metal bolts and are installed in three or four places, depending on the size of the stairs: under the top and bottom rungs, as well as in the middle.
Required materials and tools
In order to make a wooden ladder with your own hands, you will need a certain set of tools and materials. First of all, prepare the following tools:
There are two product options: wooden or metal stairs. The first option is simpler and more accessible. There are certain requirements for the wood used. The main condition is that it should be minimally susceptible to external factors and strong enough to withstand the weight of a person. Usually the cheapest wood is used - pine or spruce, but this is not the best option. The ideal choice is oak or maple, but the cost of materials will be significantly higher.
To make an extension ladder it is not necessary to have professional tools
But for metal structures, aluminum or stainless steel is most often used. You can get by with ordinary metal, but this will significantly affect the weight of the product, and sooner or later it will be damaged by corrosion.
Wooden staircase
To make a wooden ladder with your own hands, you will need a minimum set of materials. For the side elements, beams with a thicker section are used. The optimal option is 40x50 mm for a standard three-meter structure. The steps can be made from planks 35x40 mm thick. Pay attention to the quality of the wood: it should be uniform, without damage or splinters. Before starting work, be sure to dry the boards.
The simplest version of a wooden ladder
First, process all the parts so that they become smooth and even. The edges of the sidewalls must be trimmed so that when installed on the ground, the degree of inclination is about 60 degrees. Such requirements for stairs are imposed for the convenience and safety of their use.
Then cut the timber for the rungs into sections of 40-60 cm, depending on the desired width of the stairs. Mark on the bowstrings the places where they are installed with the selected step. Using a chisel, you need to make spikes along the edges of the crossbars for future fastening to the sidewalls. Make grooves in the bowstrings. Their size should be only 2-3 mm larger than the studs for grip strength.
Clean the parts from dust and degrease the joints. Coat the spikes with glue and insert them into the first side panel. Then place the second string on the greased crossbars. Press the pieces tightly. For greater reliability, you can nail them. Don't forget to install the tie bolts.
Metal staircase
An unusual look at a ladder
Metal stairs are subject to similar requirements in terms of safety and the design itself. To make such a product with your own hands you will need one of these types of materials:
Crossbars can be attached in several ways. The most reliable is flaring: metal passes through metal, and the edges of the steps are bent from the outside. Iron elements can be welded together. Another method is to use mounting bolts. For greater reliability, you can combine different techniques. A significant disadvantage of welded iron structures is their high weight and the risk of weld fracture.
Protective treatment
In order for the staircase to serve you as long as possible, you need to take care of its additional processing. The requirements for this process are to prevent drying out and rotting of the wood, as well as corrosion of metal parts.
Wood products require mandatory additional processing
The wooden structure must be treated with antiseptic water-repellent impregnation. You can thoroughly coat it with drying oil, but painting such products is not recommended. If you decide to make an iron staircase with your own hands, you need to coat it with an anti-corrosion agent; painting of such products is allowed.
There are also requirements for supports. For convenience and safety, metal fasteners in the form of hooks can be made at the top of the structure, which will conveniently fix the position of the ladder during operation. And be sure to nail rubber pads to the bottom to protect the timber from deformation and the floor covering, as well as against slipping. If you plan to work on the ground, they can be replaced with metal spikes.
Making a ladder with your own hands is very simple. Don’t forget to check its strength and condition of the parts every six months.
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DIY extension ladder: wooden and metal
How to make an extension ladder yourself, what are the features of this design and what are the best materials to use.
What is good about a DIY wooden ladder
A wooden extension ladder has a simple design, so anyone can make it. The convenience of the ladder makes it an indispensable attribute of the household. And not only its static version, but also a mobile version. This model of a staircase is multi-tasking, as it can help you reach the roof, pick fruit in the garden, and come in handy for repairs.
Indispensable wooden extension ladder: device
The most common mobile version of a staircase is an extension staircase without its own support due to its simplicity of design, relative lightness and accessibility.
The wooden extension ladder can be used both indoors and outdoors
Such a staircase can be found on absolutely every site, since its design is elementary, and production does not require large investments:
- Between two wooden supports, horizontal beams are installed to serve as steps.
- The distance between the crossbars can be calculated individually for yourself by measuring the distance from the floor to the base of the knee, or you can place them 25-35 cm from each other, you can’t go wrong.
To give a certain stability, the ladder rests on any vertical plane at an angle from 70ᵒ to 80ᵒ.
Extension wooden ladder: dimensions
Before the actual process of creating an extension ladder, you need to think about its future length. The higher your ladder is, the more it will weigh, therefore, the harder it will be to carry and transport. The optimal length option is five meters. In this article, the recommended size will be 4600x500.
First, about the materials. In conditions of unprofessional production, the easiest way to use wooden beams of gymnosperms of coniferous trees (for this purpose, pine beams are most widespread and recognized).
Before making an attached wooden ladder, you should draw up a drawing of it on paper, indicating the dimensions of all elements
The wood itself must accordingly be free from chips, damage and branches. Otherwise, the staircase may last much less than planned, breaking, as always, at an inopportune and unexpected moment.
The bowstring is often made from bars 40x50 millimeters. The dimensions of the crossbars may be smaller, since, due to their short length, their strength is higher. So the most rational is 35x40 mm. The weight of the structure depends on the size of the beams: the larger the steps, the heavier the staircase, and vice versa. Among other things, you need to remember about the fastening elements of the structure: nails/tapping screws/screws and tie rods.
Simple DIY wooden ladder
There should be absolutely no difficulties with production, since the ability to use a saw will be more than enough. First you need to make drawings. Then, from pieces of wood with a larger cross-section, you need to cut two bowstrings of equal sizes. Beams of a smaller cross-section should be cut into pieces of half a meter on average, taking into account that they should be sufficient for the selected height. The edges of all parts should be rounded with sandpaper or another tool.
There are a wide variety of fastening options, but the simplest, most reliable and durable is fastening the crossbars on top of the bowstring. In this option, the beams are fastened with nails/screws/screws.
Before you start making a wooden staircase, you need to watch a video with a master class and study the recommendations of experts
After completing the main part of creating the staircase, it can already be used. For greater stability, you can improve the lower part of the bowstring support. To modernize it, it is enough to bevel the edges of the support at a certain angle or add beveled ones. To reduce slipping, the bottom is also covered with rubber, which will increase friction with the surface and add grip. If you plan to use the ladder on the ground, then it is necessary to add metal spikes to the lower edges, which will help sink the ladder into the ground and increase the fixation of the legs in place.
The coating of the wood surface must also be treated with care. For example, it is strictly not recommended to paint with oil paints, as they will make the steps slippery, which is life-threatening. It is allowed to cover with drying oil in several layers until completely painted over and subsequent treatment with transparent varnish. This kind of surface will protect the staircase materials from swelling and damage when exposed to precipitation. With the help of such simple steps, the life of the product will be maximum, and the wooden ladder will serve you faithfully for many years.
GOST requirements for wooden ladders
Often, for an extension ladder, people consider it sufficient to connect a pair of bars with shorter ones, which irreversibly leads to injuries and troubles. Operational properties can manifest themselves in very different moments, and therefore it is advisable, without putting yourself and your loved ones at risk, to adhere to generally accepted guidelines and rules. All the most important aspects of the manufacture and use of wooden ladders are written down in several regulatory documents, which can be read and taken into account below.
- GOST 24258 – 88: Technical conditions for scaffolding and temporary structures.
- POT RM-012-2000: Rules for labor protection during work at height (interindustry document).
- SNiP 12 – 03 – 2001: Labor protection in construction. General provisions (part 1).
- GOST 26887-86: Stairs and platforms used for installation and construction work.
In order for wooden stairs to be safe and durable, they must be manufactured in accordance with GOST
The top of the structure also needs to be equipped with fixed or removable hooks for greater fixation. The distance from beam to beam should vary from 290 to 350 mm. The cross-section of each beam is no less than 40x20. The diameter of the fastening bolts for long beams must exceed 2 mm.
These bolts must be installed under the first and last steps, and along the length of the entire structure at a distance not exceeding two meters.
In addition, it is worth knowing that existing cracks and other types of damage are allowed, but the largest size of the defect should not exceed 15 cm and the depth should not exceed 5 mm. Existing cracks that negatively affect the usable characteristics of the stairs are strictly prohibited. When using the product in production, it must be marked with the inventory number and the section number of the place where the ladder is fixed.
Do-it-yourself wooden ladder design (video)
As can be seen from the description above, making a wooden ladder with your own hands does not take too much effort and resources, due to its simplicity. The most important thing in this situation is not to move in the direction of least resistance, but to try to take into account all the obligations of correct manufacturing of the product: this way, complete safety is guaranteed with every climb, because the ladder should help in the household, and not add additional problems. If necessary, steps need to be repaired.
Do-it-yourself wooden ladder: make a wooden one according to GOST, drawings and dimensions, repair and production
An extension ladder made of wood, made with your own hands, is useful because... Doing without stairs in a country house is quite problematic. How to make a staircase yourself - further.
An extension ladder is an indispensable thing in the household. With its help, all hard-to-reach places become accessible. It is useful in the garden for processing fruit trees and harvesting. Using the attachment, you can wash and repair the ceiling and hang a chandelier. Cleaning the top shelves of cabinets will also not be complete without using this design. How to make a ladder with your own hands should be considered in detail.
Advantages of a wooden staircase
There is a wide range of different staircases on sale. But making such a structure with your own hands is not difficult, especially from wood. The main advantages of a wooden staircase include the following:
- Environmentally friendly material, does not have an unpleasant odor, as is the case with polymer products.
- Lightweight, unlike metal structures, which are very difficult for one person to move from one place to another.
- A wooden ladder can become a piece of furniture thanks to the natural beauty of wood.
Disadvantages include a tendency to rot and the formation of fungus, however, if the surface is treated with antiseptic agents, this disadvantage can be easily eliminated.
Material selection
The ladder must be reliable and safe to use, so the selection of material must be approached responsibly. First of all, wood should be wear-resistant. The cheapest option would be to purchase material from coniferous trees, which are quite resistant to external factors. However, beams made of oak and maple will last much longer, but will also be much more expensive than pine or spruce. You can make a combined structure from different types of wood. For example, handrails should be made from oak, and steps from cheaper pine.
Wood should have a natural moisture content of no more than 15%. You need to carefully ensure that there are no knots, cracks or blue stains. The beams from which the stairs will be made must have a perfectly smooth surface and be absolutely flat. Even minor damage to the boards can lead to the entire structure breaking right during operation.
If the height of the stairs is no more than 3 meters, then you can use bars with a cross-section of 40x50 mm, and if higher, then it is better to take thicker material - 40x80 mm. For steps, boards with a section of 30x40 mm are suitable.
Preparatory work
After the material is selected, all elements should be immediately coated with antiseptic agents to prevent the formation of fungus and mold. In addition, treated wood will last much longer. Despite the fact that the ladder has a simple design, it is still recommended to make a drawing on paper to represent it visually, as well as to put down all the dimensions.
In preparation for the construction of a structure, it is necessary to collect tools. The following equipment should be on hand:
- roulette;
- saw;
- screwdriver;
- self-tapping screws;
- construction adhesive.
To strengthen the stairs, you can prepare metal ties, and for ease of use, special pins that will firmly fix the structure when installing it on the ground.
Installation procedure
First of all, you need to prepare two main supports. To make the stairs more stable, it is recommended to make the distance between the supports wider at the bottom than at the top. For example, the distance at the top between the support beams can be 30 centimeters, and at the bottom - 40 cm.
The optimal distance between the steps will be 25-30 cm. Markings should be made on the supports where the steps will be attached, evenly distributing them along the entire length. It is also recommended to number them so as not to get confused during assembly.
To attach the steps, it is necessary to make special grooves in the supports, and on the steps there are pins for them. The optimal length of the spike is 3-5 centimeters. When attaching the steps to the supports, it is recommended to lubricate the pins with special wood glue and secure them with self-tapping screws at the joints. To give the staircase strength, it is recommended to install a metal tie every 1.5 meters, which will connect the two supports.
To give the ladder stability and prevent it from slipping, metal pins can be mounted at the bottom of the supports for using the ladder outdoors. If the structure will be used at home, then rubber or plastic tips can be placed on the ends of the supports.
For reference! To prevent slipping on the steps, they can be made corrugated by cutting shallow horizontal notches.
The final stage will be painting. You should not paint the ladder with oil paints, as the steps will be slippery. It is better to treat the surface with drying oil in several layers, with each new layer applied only after the previous one has completely dried. Next, the surface can be varnished. This will not only extend its service life, but also give it an attractive appearance.
Almost every private sector home has attached wooden staircase. Its practical application is undeniable justifies all costs.
Despite the fact that such a product is on the market, it is quite possible to make a ladder with your own hands.
Of course, working with wood is a painstaking task and requires certain tools. However, making an extension ladder at home does not require large financial costs and time.
In this case, the design will be reliable, safe, functional. Main, strictly follow the sequence of actions without violating technological process.
Types of ladders
A ladder is extremely necessary in a household. , marching, straight, half-turn, attached: the choice of design depends on the functional purpose, location, conditions its future operation.
Today there are several species ladders:
- Pristavnaya, resting on the floor covering and on a vertical surface. While maintaining stability, the steps provide an opportunity to reach hard-to-reach places. Wherein important maintain the optimal tilt angle, the limits of which can vary from 60 before 75 degrees. Going up and down is a little difficult, but quite possible;
- Folding, usually used in conditions where there is an attic space and the space limited. In this case, the staircase consists of several parts that are connected to each other articulated connection. This type of fastener allows you to fold the structure quickly and effortlessly;
- Retractable- acts alternative variant of the previous model. Special grooves built into the bowstrings allow you to pull each one out separately. section. In this case, you can adjust the angle of inclination of the structure.
Material selection
Traditionally, wood is chosen for the production of an extension ladder. pine breeds Having selected the required amount of material, you should lay out workpiece, To have visual an idea of what the future product will look like.
Exists preparation feature material before starting to assemble the structure: wood should not be too fresh, but go through a preliminary stage of natural drying, which largely depends on the period of raw material procurement.
For example, wood laid to dry in April, must lie down from 30 before 60 days(the period is determined depending on the thickness of the lumber).
The tree itself "capricious" material and requires the right care. Sealed windows and heating have an adverse effect on products made from this material - the wood dries out. Experts advise making
Sami blanks Initially it is recommended to sand them, making them smooth, and then treat them with a special antiseptic, such as HMHA(fire-bioprotective preparation for wood) to eliminate the possibility of damage to the tree by harmful insects. Of course, these procedures can be carried out after the structure is assembled.
Required Tools
In the process of making stairs you may need the following:
- Hammer;
- Plane;
- Chisel and chisel;
- Hacksaw;
- Drill.
Elements of an extension ladder
For manufacturing the design of an extension ladder will need to stock up on wooden beams with a cross-section of approximately 40*50 mm. It will be bowstring- the main load-bearing part of the future staircase.
For steps(crossbars) it is better to prepare a beam whose cross-section is 30*50 mm. The main requirement is that the raw material of all elements must be dried the same. Any connection can be used universal glue.
Previously should be calculated number of steps And distance between them. You shouldn't place them too much close or far. The convenience and comfort of descent and ascent depends on this. Optimal step size is 25-35 cm. For greater dimensional accuracy of all the necessary parts for the construction of an attached staircase, it is advisable to make a working drawing. 
Important! The bottom of the staircase extension should be wider than the top. The classic width difference is 10 cm with a structure height of 5 m.
Making a ladder with your own hands
The manufacture of an attached staircase, just like the construction of any other, is a multi-stage process:
- Small cross-section bars are used for manufacturing of crossbars. To do this, rectangular spikes are cut out at the ends of each block. Length the spikes should be equal to the width of the bowstring;
- In the bowstrings sockets are drilled, the size of which must correspond to the parameters of the crossbar spikes. When assembling the structure, the spikes should fit into the holes as tightly as possible. This connection ensures reliable fastening;
- Each spike must be miss adhesive;
- The string is placed on a horizontal surface, where the structure is assembled.
Step by step the entire number of crossbars is fixed; - During the assembly process, the spikes of the crossbars are inserted into the string on half length. Only after installing the next crossbar, the tenon of the previous one is driven completely into the groove;
- If all the rules are followed and the dimensions are maintained, then additional fasteners during assembly not required. Although many still record each connection with nails;
- The lower part of the bowstring is cut at an angle 35-40 degrees. This nuance makes it possible to ensure more reliable stability of the structure during installation. It is advisable to nail a rubber gasket onto the resulting cut for indoor work or a metal spike when installing the ladder on the ground;
- The finished structure is coated with drying oil and any paint and varnish (you can read how and with what to paint a wooden staircase).
I would like to emphasize attention to the fact that the safe version of the ladder, according to GOST requirements, should not exceed five-meter height. If you plan to manufacture a higher structure, you should use wood of a larger cross-section 40*80mm.
In this case, the bars should not be with jagged. Cracks and irregularities in the material unacceptable. At all stages of manufacturing the structure should be used meter.
Advice! To make it more reliable, additionally secure several metal rods, which are located slightly above the crossbar.
The instructions for making a wooden ladder contain the following: video: