Sergius of Radonezh is the abbot of the Russian land. Hegumen - ordination in the Orthodox Church, abbot of an Orthodox monastery. In a number of local churches, including the Russian Church until 2011, it is also used as a hierarchical reward. The Monk Sergius of Radonezh was born on May 3, 1314 into the family of pious boyars Cyril and Maria. From a young age, the Reverend (who bore the name Bartholomew in the world) wanted to devote his entire life to serving God. However, Cyril and Maria did not bless their son for a monastic life for a long time. Childhood. At the age of 10, young Bartholomew was sent to learn to read and write at a church school with his brothers: the elder Stefan and the younger Peter. Unlike his academically successful brothers, Bartholomew was significantly behind in his studies. The teacher scolded him, his parents were upset, he himself prayed with tears, but his studies did not move forward. And then an event occurred, which is reported in all the biographies of Sergius. When the boy was 13 years old, on instructions from his father, he went into the field to look for horses. During his search, he went out into a clearing and saw under an oak tree an elder schema-monk, “holy and wonderful, with the rank of presbyter, handsome and like an Angel, who stood in the field under the oak tree and prayed earnestly, with tears.” Seeing him, Bartholomew first bowed humbly, then came up and stood close, waiting for him to finish his prayer. At the end of the elder’s prayer, Bartholomew informed him of his desire to learn to read and write and his inability to overcome it, and then asked him to pray to God. After fervent prayer, the elder gave the boy a piece of holy prosphora, but Bartholomew “opened his mouth and ate what was given to him,” receiving from the elder a prediction that from that day on he would know literacy better than his brothers and peers, which was soon confirmed. Persecution of demons. When Sergius of Radonezh just began his solitary asceticism, which was even before the Trinity-Sergius Monastery was founded, Sergius was subjected to terrible temptations by the demons of the evil one, but at the same time the saint himself performed miracles every time the demons came to him. He began to pray fervently and used the cross to drive away the demons from himself, after which they immediately left. Thus, with prayer, faith and humility, Sergius of Radonezh fought against the temptations of the evil one. Monastic tonsure. After the death of his parents, Bartholomew himself went to Khotkovo-Pokrovsky. Striving for “the strictest monasticism,” he built (around 1335) a small wooden church in the name of the Holy Trinity, on the site of which now stands a cathedral church also in the name of the Holy Trinity. Bartholomew, left completely alone, called upon a certain abbot Mitrofan and received tonsure from him under the name of Sergius, since on that day the memory of the martyrs Sergius and Bacchus was celebrated. He was 23 years old. Peacekeeping activities of Sergius. According to one contemporary, Sergius “with quiet and meek words” could act on the most hardened and hardened hearts; very often he reconciled princes warring among themselves, persuading them to obey the Grand Duke of Moscow (for example, the Rostov prince in 1356, the Nizhny Novgorod prince in 1365, Oleg of Ryazan, etc.), thanks to which by the time of the Battle of Kulikovo almost all Russian princes recognized the primacy of Dmitry Ioannovich. An interesting fact from the life of Sergius of Radonezh. St. Sergius performed various miracles and even resurrected the dead. A certain man, devoted to the monastery, had an only-begotten son, overcome by illness. And he brought him to the monk so that he would heal him. The boy died along the way, and his father wept inconsolably over him. The Monk Sergius, seeing the sobs of this man, was merciful and prayed and, resurrecting the youth, gave him alive to his father. And the man returned with joy to his home with his son alive and healthy. Battle of Kulikovo. During Mamai's invasion of Rus' in 1380, Sergius of Radonezh blessed Grand Duke Dmitry for the Battle of Kulikovo. And Mamai fled. The prince returned triumphantly from the battlefield, came to the monastery and thanked the saint, for he had helped him with his diligent prayers to God. Holy spring. An incident is known from the life of St. Sergius of Radonezh that confirms the power of faith, love and prayer addressed from him to God. One day, the monastery where Sergius was staying ran out of water. It was then that Sergius began to pray to God, found a place, baptized it with a cross and began to read a prayer and fervently ask God for water to appear. Then a real miracle happened - a spring appeared in this place, which is now called Sergiev. And this spring exuded miracles - those who drank water from this spring with faith were healed. Founding of monasteries. In addition to the Trinity Monastery, he founded several more monasteries (Annunciation Monastery on Kirzhach, Staro-Golutvin near Kolomna, Vysotsky Monastery, St. George's Monastery on Klyazma), in all of these monasteries he appointed his students as abbots. More than 40 monasteries were founded by his students. Old age and death of St. Sergius. Sergius of Radonezh lived to a ripe old age - 78 years old. He installed his disciple Nikon as abbot in the monastery. And he himself began to remain silent. At the very hour of the exodus he received Holy Communion and died on September 25, 1392. His face was light, not like that of a dead man, but like that of a sleeping person. The presentation was prepared by: Pinimasova Anastasia Student 4 “A” class MBOU Secondary School No. 2.
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Explanatory dictionary
- A saint is a person elevated to the rank of “saint” for having performed “particularly pleasing to God” deeds during his lifetime.
- Virtue is a positive moral quality, high morality.
- A vow is a solemn promise, an obligation.
- A teenager is a teenage boy.
- Life - a description of the life of a saint. Usually written after his death by a person who knew him closely, a witness of miracles.
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Written in 1418, 26 years after the death of St. Sergius, by his disciple the wise Epiphanius.
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- “Holy Vision to the Youth Bartholomew” Mikhail Nestorov
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- “The Youth of St. Sergius” Mikhail Nestorov
After the death of his parents, for several years, immersed in silence, he lived in complete solitude in the forest, fervently praying, working, fasting and eating poorly.
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There are many legends about the life of St. Sergius.
- Legend of the Bear
- The Legend of Bogorodsk Toys
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One day the Monk Sergius saw a large bear in front of his hut. Frightened at the first moment, the Reverend realized that the beast was not so much fierce as hungry. He took out a crust of bread and placed it on a stump in front of the bear. After eating the treat, the bear retreated into the forest. Since then, the animal began to often come to the dwelling, expecting a treat. And the Reverend thanked God for sending him a fierce beast for consolation.
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The legend about how the Bogorodsk toy craft began tells that the first wooden toy was made by St. Sergius himself. It’s as if, in his free time from prayers and labors, he carved birds and skates from linden trees and gave them “for blessings” to children.
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Sergius became the founder of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery (Lavra). The glory of Sergius even reached Constantinople.
- “Sergius the Builder” Nicholas Roerich
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Sergius was distinguished by his rare diligence. With his own hands he built several cells, carried water, chopped wood, baked bread, sewed clothes, prepared food for the brethren and humbly performed other work. St. Sergius combined hard work with prayer, vigil and fasting.
- “Works of St. Sergius” Mikhail Nesterov
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Sergius “with quiet and meek words” could act on the most hardened and hardened hearts; very often he reconciled the warring princes, persuading them to obey the Grand Duke of Moscow.
- “Reverend Sergius of Radonezh” Mikhail Nesterov
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monk of the Russian Church, founder of the Trinity Monastery near Moscow (now the Trinity-Sergius Lavra), transformer of monasticism in Northern Rus' and patron of all students.
Sergius of Radonezh (in the world Bartholomew)
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He is revered by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint and is considered the greatest ascetic of the Russian land.
Sergius of Radonezh
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Sergius of Radonezh was presumably born on May 3, 1314. In his story, the first biographer of Sergius of Radonezh, Epiphanius the Wise, reports that the future saint, who received the name Bartholomew at baptism (in honor of the Apostle Bartholomew), was born in the village of Varnitsa (near Rostov) in the family of the boyar Kirill and his wife Maria.
BIRTH
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At the birthplace of Sergius of Radonezh, the Varnitsky Monastery now stands
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At the age of 7, Bartholomew was sent to learn to read and write at a church school with his brothers: the elder Stefan and the younger Peter. The brothers studied well, but Bartholomew lagged behind in his studies. The teacher scolded him, his parents were upset, he himself prayed with tears, but his studies were not successful. And then an event occurred, which is reported in all the biographies of Sergius.
Teaching
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One day, Bartholomew met an elder schema-monk and told him that he could not overcome literacy. Having prayed, the elder took out a prosphora from his bosom, gave the boy a piece of it, blessed him and ordered him to eat it, saying: “This is given to you as a sign of God’s grace and understanding of the Holy Scriptures, about literacy, child, do not grieve: know that from now on the Lord will give you good things.” knowledge of literacy, greater than that of your brothers and peers.”
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After this, Bartholomew invited the elder to his parents’ house. Bartholomew’s parents spoke about the signs that accompanied the birth of their son, and the elder said: “... after my departure, the boy will be well literate and understand the holy books. And here is the second sign and prediction for you - the boy will be great before God and people for his virtuous life.” Having said this, the elder got ready to leave and finally said: “Your son will be the abode of the Holy Trinity and will lead many after him to the understanding of the Divine commandments.”
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After the death of his parents, Bartholomew, together with his brother Stefan, founded a hermitage in the middle of the remote Radonezh forest, where he built (around 1335) a small wooden church in the name of the Holy Trinity, on the site of which the cathedral church of the Holy Trinity now stands. Unable to withstand the harsh lifestyle, Stefan went to the Moscow Epiphany Monastery. Bartholomew, left alone, called upon a certain abbot Mitrofan and took monastic vows from him under the name of Sergius. He was 23 years old.
The beginning of monastic life.
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Gradually, a monastery was formed, which in 1345 took shape as the Trinity-Sergius Monastery (now the Trinity-Sergius Lavra) and Sergius was its second abbot. He set an example of humility and hard work to everyone, forbade accepting alms, and made it a rule that all monks should live from their labor. His fame grew. Everyone began to come to the monastery: both peasants and princes. Many settled nearby and donated their property to the monastery. At first, a very poor desert turned into a rich monastery.
Formation of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery
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Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
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In addition to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius founded several more monasteries. He appointed his disciples as abbots in all these monasteries. More than 40 monasteries were founded by his students.
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Having reached a very old age, Sergius, having foreseen his death within six months, called the brethren to him and blessed his disciple, Reverend Nikon, who was experienced in spiritual life, to become abbess. On the eve of his death, St. Sergius called the brethren for the last time and addressed the words of his testament: “Take heed to yourselves, brethren. First have the fear of God, spiritual purity and unfeigned love...” On September 25, 1392, Sergius died.
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The most glorious wonderworker and most wonderful intercessor, St. Sergius of Radonezh St. Sergius, abbot of Radonezh, wonderworker was born on May 3, 1314 in the village of Varnitsa, near Rostov, into a noble and pious family. His parents Kirill and Maria were of a noble boyar family. They named their son Bartholomew. The baby surprised everyone by observing the fast. On Wednesdays and Fridays he refused mother's milk, as well as on other days. When the mother ate meat. At the age of seven, Bartholomew, along with his brothers Stefan and Peter, was sent to learn to read and write. The teaching was given to Bartholomew with great difficulty. The boy prayed to God “to grant him book understanding,” and one day an Angel appeared to him in the form of an old monk. The elder, at the boy’s request, offered a prayer to the Lord and blessed the boy, from then on Bartholomew easily read and understood what was written.
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Hegumen of the Russian Land, founder of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, St. Sergius of Radonezh was born in 1314 into the family of pious Rostov boyars Cyril and Maria, who moved to live in the Moscow principality at the invitation of Grand Duke Ivan Kalita, and was named Bartholomew at baptism. The desire for asceticism manifested itself extremely early in him. Around 1337, after the death of his parents, at the age of 23, Bartholomew, together with his older brother Stefan, retired to a forest tract in the vicinity of Radonezh in search of solitude. Parents of Sergius of Radonezh
On a small hill covered with dense forest, later named Makovets, the brothers cut down a small church, which, at their request, was consecrated in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, and a cell. Life in the desert forest was very difficult. Stefan, unable to bear the hardships, soon left for Moscow and settled in the Epiphany Monastery, where he lived for more than twenty years, while Bartholomew remained in the desert, placing all his trust in God. For about two years he labored, “united as one,” in labors, feats of abstinence and prayer. After some time, he asked abbot Mitrofan to be tonsured into an angelic image, which happened “on the seventh day of the month of October, in memory of the holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus. And his name was given in monasticism, Sergius.”
Gradually, having learned about the harsh, virtuous life of St. Sergius, monks began to flock to him, thirsting for feats of desert living. Initially twelve monks gathered. They built cells, fenced them with a small fence, and placed a gatekeeper at the gate (these gates were located next to the modern Metropolitan's chambers). Peasants began to come to the Reverend for advice and blessings, some settled nearby. This was facilitated by the mournful circumstances of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, which prompted people to flee the world into the desert. This is how the monastery and settlement were formed.
The monk led a strict fasting lifestyle and worked equally with all the monks. In addition to doing household chores, the Saint sang every day with the brethren in church. In the intervals between statutory services, they organized frequent prayer services, because this is why they left the world so that they could constantly pray to God both in church and in their cells. Staff and schema of St. Sergius
In 1380, the Moscow prince Dimitri Donskoy came to the Trinity Monastery to the Reverend for a blessing for the battle with the army of Mamai - a decisive battle for the liberation of Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. The blessing of the Saint was unusual: the warrior-monks Peresvet and Oslyabya went to the Kulikovo field and took part in the battle. Blessing of St. Sergius Blgv. book Dmitry Donskoy at the Battle of Kulikovo.
The life of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra for more than six and a half centuries was inextricably linked with the history of Rus' and the Russian people. Just as the architectural ensemble of the Lavra organically absorbed the buildings of the 15th-19th centuries, uniting them into a single, unique whole, so its historical path reflected, as if in an optical focus, the fate of a huge country. The milestones of its history are recorded in the ancient diagrams of the monastery that have survived to this day. On the 17th century icon depicting the brethren of the Trinity Monastery, we see the plan of the monastery buildings of that time. Monastery of St. Sergius
To understand Russia, the priest and philosopher Father Pavel Florensky wrote at the beginning of the 20th century, one must understand the Lavra, and in order to delve into the Lavra, one must take a close look at its founder, recognized as a saint during his lifetime, “the wonderful old man, St. Sergius,” as evidenced by his contemporaries."
