Law on individual heating in an apartment building. How to install individual heating in an apartment How to install autonomous heating in an apartment

Every year utility tariffs are rising more and more, and heating bills are breaking all records. At the same time, the quality of services provided by housing estates leaves much to be desired. Poorly insulated heating mains, old and rusty pipes, an annual rise in the cost of coolant - all these factors suggest that installing autonomous heating in an apartment is not so troublesome.

Switching to autonomy: reasons

The popularity of individual heating is growing every day. There are several reasons for this growth:

Autonomous heating in the apartment allows residents to not depend on the “temperature outside” and sanitary standards - there is no need to wait until it gets cold enough outside, according to the housing office. You are frozen - this is a sufficient reason to start the heating season.
It’s the same with hot water, you no longer need to heat water with saucepans - you will always have it, even in summer.
Installing autonomous heating in your apartment allows you to regulate the temperature in the room yourself.
If your house has incorrect heating network wiring, then in winter the apartment will always be too cold or, on the contrary, too hot. Complaining to various authorities is unlikely to yield a tangible result - no one will redo the heating system of the entire house or entrance.
Significant savings - after all, having individual heating in your house, you will pay only for the heat that you used, without paying for losses in the heating main.

How to get permission

To install autonomous heating in an apartment, permission must be obtained in several places at the same time. Moreover, in both Russia and Ukraine this process occurs approximately the same. To begin with, it is worth noting that if you live above the tenth floor, then you can forget about autonomous gas heating in the apartment; you will never receive permission for it.

In all other cases, you must obtain permission from local executive authorities. The biggest problems usually arise at this stage. For some reason, it is believed that if one or more apartments in a building switch to individual heating, the owners of the remaining residential premises will suffer - the hydraulic regime will go wrong, the thermal balance will be disrupted and, as a result, the temperature of the neighboring rooms will decrease. Therefore, they won’t just let you give up centralized heating. There are 2 ways out of this situation:

The first is to demand from local authorities that your application be considered by a special interdepartmental commission; it should be created under each executive committee and meet at least once a month. Members of the commission will conduct an inspection, study all the risks of disconnecting your apartment from the heating network and make a decision within 30 days.

The second is to, with the help of the sanitary and epidemiological station or employees of the heating and utilities company itself, document the discrepancy between the quality of heating network services and sanitary standards. Based on this act, you need to legally demand termination of the contract with the company servicing the heating network, citing the low quality of the service provided. After receiving a court decision and terminating the contract, you can safely stop paying bills. You don’t have to be afraid of growing debt, since you didn’t enter into an agreement and didn’t order the service, so if the heat supply company goes to court to collect the debt, it will most likely be denied. In this case, utility companies will have two options - continue to provide you with the service for free or disconnect your apartment from central heating. And that's all you need.

After the coveted permission has been received. you need to contact a design company, where technical conditions and a design for a new heating system will be developed.

Apartment heating: features

The installation of autonomous heating in an apartment differs from the heating system of a private house primarily in that it will not be possible to equip a full-fledged boiler room. Therefore, it is worth thinking carefully about how it will be implemented.

Autonomous heating in an apartment can be realized using gas, electricity and, in rare cases, solar energy. Each of these systems has its own characteristics.

Autonomous heating by gas water heater

Such heating systems are not only completely environmentally friendly, but also quite effective, especially in cases where high-quality thermal insulation of the premises is provided. Unfortunately, due to the high cost of the installation itself and the installation work, it is quite expensive to install such heating for one apartment.

Autonomous heating in an apartment: price issue

As you already understand, switching to individual heating is quite expensive, but it is not possible to name the exact amount. First of all, you need to decide on the type and necessary equipment. Calculation of the power of both gas and electric boilers should be carried out based on the area of the heated room and the lowest possible temperature outside. In addition, add the cost of project development, consumables and installation work, as well as the amount of any state duties and fees when processing permits.

Thus, the cost of autonomous heating can range from 60 to 160 thousand rubles, depending on the above factors.

Personal heating in an apartment: profitable or not

If it seems to you that organizing autonomous heating in an apartment is too expensive, then remember how many times a month you had to turn on the fireplace, and how much money you took to the pharmacy when you were treating a cough and runny nose that you earned in a cold apartment. Of course, in order to install autonomous heating in an apartment, it is very difficult to obtain permission, but all the high cost and time spent will pay off in literally 5-6 years, and you will be using this benefit for much longer. So feel free to cast aside all doubts and go collect the necessary documents.

Individual heating in the apartment is convenient. But many owners ask themselves the question: “Can it be done in a standard multi-storey building?” Let's consider the solution to this problem in more detail.

What problems can be solved using such a system?

If you install individual heating in an apartment, then users will be able to personally regulate the temperature parameters inside the room, regardless of the actions of the departments servicing general communications. But in order to refuse centralized services and install individual heating in the apartment, you will have to obtain the appropriate permits and correctly decide on the choice of basic components.

Let's study the advantages of personal heating:

When using it, the homeowner himself makes decisions about the beginning/end of the heating season. This means that the system can be turned on if desired, even in the summer. Such a need cannot be excluded, taking into account domestic climatic conditions.
If you use a double-circuit type boiler, the problem of hot water supply will be solved at the same time.

Individual heating in an apartment is cost-effective. This is due to the following factors:

Relatively low tariffs that apply to the population.
High efficiency of modern equipment that can be installed according to your personal decision.
Lack of remuneration for maintenance, administrative personnel and other additional costs that are taken into account in the cost of centralized heating services.
The ability to use only the required amount of energy resources.

It can also be noted that the personal heating system can be supplemented with modern means of remote control and monitoring. This will improve its efficiency and ease of operation.

It should be noted that the only drawback of this solution is the increase in the dangers associated with the use of gas equipment. But this only means that it is necessary to exclude independent experiments on connecting it.

You should also purchase equipment from manufacturers who have an impeccable reputation and create reliable, durable products.

Procedure for obtaining permits

In this part of the article we will not answer the question: “Is it possible to install individual heating in an apartment?”

The corresponding work is carried out only with permission from the administration, which is sometimes refused to be issued. As a reason, references are made to federal legislation, namely the Federal Law “On Heat Supply” No. 190.

Let us carefully consider the wording that relates to the issues of interest to us: “It is prohibited to switch to heating residential premises in apartment buildings using individual apartment sources of thermal energy, the list of which is determined by the rules for connecting to heat supply systems approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, if there is a connection made in the proper order to heat supply systems of apartment buildings, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme.”

In the first part there is indeed a direct prohibition. But below are exceptions that are determined by decisions of the executive bodies of the Russian Federation. There are relevant documents. This is the Resolution dated April 16, 2012. under number 307. It indicates the following signs of equipment that cannot be installed in an apartment as part of an individual heating system:

absence of a closed gas combustion chamber;
the absence of automatic devices that ensure, without special intervention from the user, the gas supply is turned off in the following cases:

reducing pressure in the line below a certain level;
interruption of electricity supply;
malfunction of protective devices;
flame going out;
exceeding the established level of maximum coolant temperature;
the smoke removal system stops working.

The criteria listed above can be used when choosing a specific boiler model, which will eliminate any legitimate claims from administrative authorities.

Here is a list of documents that will need to be collected to obtain permission to install individual heating in an apartment (defined by the provisions of Article No. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation):

A free-form application addressed to the relevant administration with a request to obtain permission for reconstruction.
Technical passport of the property.
Documents that confirm the applicant’s ownership of the apartment. If not the original contracts are provided, but their copies, then they should be certified by a notary.
Reconstruction project.
Written consent of all family members for the installation of an individual heating system.
A certificate from the municipal authorities that are responsible for the protection of architectural values, confirming the admissibility of such reconstruction.

Let's take a closer look at the actions that will need to be taken when installing a gas boiler. This equipment should only be installed by qualified personnel. To carry out the work, technical conditions will be required. They are issued by the municipal specialized service no later than 10 days after the application is submitted there. It is accompanied by a permit from the management of the company, which indicates consent to disconnect a specific apartment from the existing centralized heating system.

After this, they contact the specialized organization to create a package of project documentation. It will consist of two parts: disconnecting from the old system; connecting new equipment. It should then be certified by the fire safety authorities.

The administration is obliged to respond in writing no later than 45 days after submitting the application. The only legal basis for refusal is the absence of all necessary documents. To avoid such a misunderstanding, the composition of the relevant list should be clarified.

How to install individual heating in an apartment correctly

It was noted above that to ensure safety, you should not try to install individual gas equipment yourself. You should understand the full extent of personal responsibility in the event of emergency situations. It is much more reasonable to entrust such work to a specialized organization under a written contract. In a similar way, disconnection from the centralized heat supply system should be organized.

The following operations can be performed in person using appropriate technology:

Selection and purchase of heating system components.
Preparatory work: removal of old floor coverings; removal of construction waste; markings for installation of radiators and other devices.
Creation of "warm floors".
Laying pipes and installing heating radiators.
Connecting distribution and control devices.
Connecting and setting up control systems.

Residents of apartment buildings often dream of individual heating for their apartment. The realization of this dream is quite possible, but it requires patience and perseverance in going through all the authorities for collecting documents for housing reconstruction.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building allows you to avoid heat problems in winter. You can maintain the desired temperature in the room throughout the year and not depend on “planned” (and “unplanned”) hot water outages. The consumer receives as much heat as he needs. This makes it possible to use energy resources in the most rational way and save a lot of money.

Statistics show that savings double and triple when heating water. Accordingly, a particular consumer spends two to three times less money on heating than with a centralized system, and his costs for hot water supply are reduced by three to five times.

Where to begin

Let's start with the legal framework. It is necessary to clearly know what the legislation says about disconnecting from the central heating system and installing an individual one. Often the local administration, citing Art. 190 Federal Law, refuses residents. In court, such a refusal will be considered unfounded. In Russian legislation, in addition to Federal Law No. 190 “On Heat Supply,” there is Government Decree No. 307 dated April 16, 2012, which considers procedure for connecting heat supply systems. It specifies a list of individual sources of thermal energy that do not meet certain requirements and are for this reason prohibited for installation in apartment buildings.

This means that the law does not prohibit the use of individual heating using modern heating boilers that meet the specified requirements. This issue has been considered more than once by courts of general jurisdiction. Refusal of local governments based on Art. 14 Federal Law “On Heat Supply”, is declared illegal.

Required documents

Thus, in order to refuse the central heating service and switch to individual heating, you need to collect a package of documents in accordance with Art. 26 Residential Complex of the Russian Federation about the reconstruction of residential premises.

The package of documents includes:

application for reorganization;
technical passport of the premises;
title documents for housing (originals or copies certified by a notary);
residential renovation project,
consent of all family members, submitted in writing;
conclusion of the authorities for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reconstructing the premises.

Documentation for gas heating

The management company, after reviewing the application, provides a letter of permission to disconnect your apartment from central heating. This letter is necessary to order technical conditions (TU) for the installation of individual heating. If you plan to connect gas (install a gas boiler), you must address contacting the gas service.

Technical specifications are issued within ten days. In case of refusal due to lack of “technical possibility”, keep in mind that such a response is only permissible in regions where there is no gas and it is not possible to purchase it in cylinders.

After purchase certified boiler you should contact the design organization. She will prepare a project for installing a boiler, taking into account technical conditions and capabilities.

Then a project is made to disconnect from central heating in the heat supply organization. The basis for this will be letter from the HOA with permission to disconnect. It is important to receive a written response. In case of disagreement, it will be possible to go to court.

Having received the project documentation, we go with it to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society (VDPO). There you are given fire safety act project. If necessary, a design is made for the chimney.

Then all documentation is approved by the administration. The conclusion on approval (or refusal) is made within 45 calendar days. Refusal to renovate the premises occurs on the basis of Art. 27 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (case of failure to submit all documents). The refusal can also be appealed in court.

This is the basic diagram of how to prepare a project and legalize the transition to autonomous heating. The list of all documents may differ in different regions. More accurate information will be given to you directly at your district administration.

How to make a calculation

will hold if the heating system is installed correctly. To do this, it is necessary to accurately make all calculations, which will depend on room area(S) and from boiler power (W) per 10 m². It is also necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region. For example, for the Moscow region the power density ranges from one to one and a half kW; in the northern regions - from one and a half to two kW; in the southern regions - from 0.7 to one kW.

The power of the heating boiler is calculated using the formula: cat. = S W beat / 10. This simple calculation will help you choose the boiler you need for your apartment.

Heating calculations also depend on the design and type of heating system. The best option for an apartment is a two-pipe system. It is more complex and more expensive than single-pipe, but the quality of heating will be higher. All batteries, from the first to the last, will heat up evenly. Single pipe system Only suitable for a small number of radiators.

Boiler selection

Having decided on the equipment power required for a particular room, we move on to choosing the type of boiler. He can be single-circuit(for heating only) or double-circuit(heating + hot water supply).

Next, we decide on the type of fuel. The bulk of the expenses will go towards it. There are boilers single fuel(working on one type of fuel, for example, gas boilers or electric boilers) and combined type(combine operation on different types of fuel, for example, gas and electricity, or gas, liquid fuel and electricity).

The last thing that must be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the material of its manufacture, which affects the service life of the equipment. Often boilers are made of steel or cast iron. They are quite heavy, which makes them difficult to install, but they have a long service life.

Individual heating with gas is the most popular, since gas today is the most cheap type of fuel. A gas wall-mounted boiler with a closed combustion chamber, according to experts, is the best option for home heating. It has a horizontal chimney system, thanks to which flue gases escape to the street.

The advantages of gas heating include:

multi-level security system;
Possibility of use in a small apartment, since the boiler takes up little space;
silent operation;
maintaining the required room temperature, regardless of gas pressure;
affordable price.

Heating an apartment with electricity can be either the main or additional heating method. The system is easy to install and easy to use, taking up little space. Boiler installation and pipes are affordable. Electric boilers are divided into floor and wall.

Heating with electricity is less in demand than heating with gas, but it is believed that in the near future this type of fuel will become the most popular. Electric boilers have their advantages:

noiselessness;
hygiene;
compliance with technical and aesthetic requirements;
efficiency;
efficiency;
the ability to select the desired mode for each room.

Pipe selection

Today's popular polypropylene pipes cannot always be installed in an individual heating system. Operating temperature of polypropylene - no more than 95 °C. For solid fuel boilers, the outlet temperature of the coolant reaches more than 100°C. Therefore, if a solid fuel boiler is used for heating, then metal pipes will be the best option.

The number of pipes is affected by the wiring diagram. A two-pipe system will require more material than a one-pipe system.

The nuances of choosing heating pipes are discussed in this article:

Selection of radiators

The most suitable option for autonomous heating is sectional batteries. The length of the radiator is affected heat transfer quality of one section, which, in turn, depends on the material of manufacture. One cast iron section, for example, produces 110 watts of heat, steel - 85 watts, aluminum - from 175 to 199 watts, the heat output of one section of bimetallic radiators is 199 watts.

To calculate the area heated by one section with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, you need divide the heat transfer rate of the section by 100. For example, a section of a cast iron battery heats 1.1 m². Depending on the size of the room, you can calculate the number of sections for the radiator.

Nuances that may be present when calculating the number of sections in a room:

in a corner room or one with access to a balcony, 2-3 sections are added;

After installing the heating system, it is necessary to check it for leaks. The most reliable, but also risky way to do this is fill the system with coolant. If the system is made incorrectly, a leak will occur, which will require eliminating its consequences. Leaks are mainly located in places section connections radiator or pipes.

Price issue

The cost of installing an individual heating system depends on the size of the apartment, the choice of materials, boiler, pipes, and heating scheme (one-pipe or two-pipe). So, for example, in Moscow you will have to pay for the transition to individual heating at least 2000 USD It all depends on the complexity and volume of work.

So, installing an autonomous heating system will significantly save money when paying for housing and communal services. At the same time, for less money you can create the greatest comfort in your apartment.

Individual heating in an apartment implies the presence of a source of thermal energy (boiler, stove, fireplace) and is considered as an alternative to the so-called “central” heating, in which the source of thermal energy (boiler room, thermal power plant) is located outside the house at some distance from it.

All issues related to autonomous heating of apartments are resolved by their owners independently:

They determine the beginning and end of the heating season
Set a comfortable thermal mode
Perform equipment maintenance

Individual heating itself is not a new product. In most countries, there is simply no other way to heat apartment buildings.

In most of our country, until the middle of the last century, individual heating of apartments in multi-storey buildings was also practiced, but ordinary wood-burning stoves were used for this. The gas boilers that existed at that time were cumbersome, did not have a reliable automatic control system and were unsafe.

It is for this reason that the transition from stove-based autonomous heating to centralized heat supply, also called central heating, was perceived positively. And today, all apartments for sale in high-rise buildings have central heating, according to experts at http://rsti.ru, this has little effect on the price. It has a number of undeniable advantages:

Allows you to maintain stable comfortable indoor conditions
Does not require constant monitoring by the consumer
Safely

Moreover, during the socialist period of our country’s history, utilities were cheap, and it would hardly have occurred to anyone to save on heating their homes.

How to obtain permission for individual heating of an apartment

The easiest way is to obtain permission to install an electric heating boiler. To do this, it is enough to contact the regional electrical networks with a corresponding application. If technical conditions allow, it will be issued. However, the cost of thermal energy generated by an electric boiler may be higher than the cost of heat from a city-wide boiler house. It may turn out that you will have to pay more, not less, for heat with your own boiler.

Gas heating is another matter. Due to the low cost of natural gas, the cost of thermal energy generated by a gas boiler is low. However, it is more difficult to make individual heating of an apartment based on a gas boiler. To do this you need:

Obtain technical specifications for installing a gas boiler (from the city gas service)
Obtain a conclusion from the VDPO on the presence of a working chimney
Get neighbors' consent
Obtain permission from heating networks to dismantle heating appliances in your apartment

The easiest way to obtain permission to install a gas heating boiler is in apartments with gas water heaters: they already have a chimney, and the pressure in the gas pipeline is designed to ensure the operation of the water heater, the power of which is usually comparable to the power of the heating boiler.

It should be noted that in a number of regions of our country (whether everywhere or not, the author of the article could not find out for sure) a decision was made prohibiting the use of boilers with coaxial chimneys in apartments. Permission is given only for the installation of boilers with a closed fuel combustion chamber, with air intake from outside and exhaust of combustion products into the chimney. Sometimes it is possible to obtain permission to use an individual ventilation duct as a chimney, provided that it is available.

Only if you have all the permitting documentation can you begin installing an individual heating system in your apartment with your own hands.

Disadvantages of central water supply

Today, centralized heat supply has a number of disadvantages:

The cost of centralized heat supply is high and “unaffordable” for some consumers.
The heating season begins and ends in accordance with the current SNiP, regardless of the wishes of consumers
There is no optimal system for metering heat consumption for a single apartment, which means it is impossible to save on thermal energy consumption

All these reasons are good reasons for switching to individual heating in an apartment, the first stage of which is choosing a boiler

In principle, any boiler can be used to heat an apartment if the necessary conditions for its operation are available, as well as with the consent of the neighbors.

Solid fuel boiler: requires a special chimney that meets fire safety requirements. Its installation is possible only in houses that previously had stove heating and have chimneys in satisfactory technical condition. For low-rise apartment buildings (up to 5 floors), it is possible to install a solid fuel boiler on a converted loggia and connect it to an autonomous chimney specially built for this purpose.
Liquid fuel boiler: requires not only a special chimney, but also a fuel storage tank, which is a significant obstacle to its installation. In addition, the operation of the boiler can hardly be called silent, which will certainly cause dissatisfaction with the neighbors.
Electric boiler: does not require a chimney, is compact and can be installed almost anywhere. The only limitation for its use in an apartment building may be the insufficient electrical power of the common house network
A gas boiler can only be connected to the main gas pipeline. Bottled gas cannot be used in an apartment building. If the apartment does not have a chimney, you can opt for boilers with a closed combustion chamber and a coaxial chimney. The only limitation for its installation may be the lack of pressure in the gas pipeline network, designed only for household gas stoves. In this case, connecting the boiler may lead to a drop in pressure in the gas pipeline.

Based on the above, we can conclude that for individual heating in an apartment it is better to use an electric or gas boiler with a closed combustion chamber and a coaxial chimney, which should be chosen depending on the specific needs of the consumer

How to heat water?

If hot water is supplied intermittently in the apartment, you can choose a double-circuit boiler designed for heating and hot water supply or install an indirect heating boiler, which allows you to solve both problems at the same time.

When choosing, it should be taken into account that in double-circuit gas heating boilers, the priority is heating hot water for domestic hot water supply (hot water supply), which starts automatically when the tap is opened. At this time, the coolant does not heat up and the batteries cool down.

If we take into account that the area of an ordinary apartment in an apartment building is 50-150 m2, then a heat generator with a capacity of 6 to 15 kW, with which you can heat a maximum of 8-9 liters of water per minute, is quite sufficient for heating it. This is enough to take a shower or wash dishes under running water. Simultaneous intake of hot water from several taps (in the kitchen and in the shower, for example) will lead to the fact that the degree of heating of the water will be insufficient.

The DHW problem can be solved using an indirect heating boiler, which provides a supply of hot water sufficient for a comfortable life, which can be installed in an autonomous heating system together with a double-circuit boiler, doing the work yourself. This is not difficult to do. Many manufacturers of heating equipment recommend this method of hot water supply to their customers, providing in the boilers, along with the water heating circuit, the possibility of connecting a storage boiler.

What to choose: floor, wall, parapet?

A characteristic feature of an individual heating system, implemented with your own hands, is the lack of free space: there is simply no room for a separate boiler room. For this reason, it is better to choose a wall-mounted or parapet boiler installed under the window sill.
There is no fundamental difference between a parapet and wall-mounted boiler. They are equal parts comfortable and practical.

When doing individual heating in an apartment with your own hands, you should take into account that the radiators must be disconnected from the common riser, without interfering with the free movement of the coolant in the general heating circuit of the house. You cannot cut the riser and remove it from your apartment.

Heating devices can remain in their original places, but they will have to be connected (tied) in accordance with the chosen scheme.

It is better to immediately abandon the option of a gravity heating system in an apartment. To do this, it is necessary to install the boiler below the level of the return pipeline, placing the expansion tank at the highest point of the heating system.
The optimal heating scheme for an apartment, which you can implement with your own hands, is a single-pipe or two-pipe with forced circulation of the coolant.

User Questions:

Please tell me. I have an apartment on the 3rd floor of 5 floors. In the kitchen there is a gas-flow water heater, the chimney duct goes into the head, separate. The ventilation duct is separate and goes into the hog in the attic. Can I refuse central heating and

Tired of huge utility bills, untimely shutdowns of heat and sudden temperature changes, many are wondering: how to install individual heating in an apartment? It is quite possible to install a personal heating and hot water supply system. You just need to know some subtleties and aspects, without which nothing will work.

The real installation of individual heating in an apartment building begins not with calling specialists, but with collecting all the necessary permits. Many services do not want to sign papers of their own free will. You can understand them, because they are losing money. But the law is on the side of apartment owners. If it is technically possible to disconnect from the general heating, and the location of the pipes in the house provides for such a possibility, each time you visit the office, you can refer to the Federal Law “On Heat Supply” No. 190, as well as to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of April 16, 2012, which talks about the procedure for installing and connecting heat supply systems.

The legislator does not prohibit the use of modern boilers and systems that meet the requirements and standards. You can read more about a variety of modern heating systems. Today there are many examples where the owners of living space won the courts and installed the desired engineering systems for themselves, which save money on utility bills by 3-5 times.

The documents with which the installation of individual heating in an apartment begins are usually an impressively sized folder, for the registration of which you will have to go through many authorities. But it's worth it. After all, comfort, economy and convenience are the decisive factors in this matter.

List of required documents:

All of the above only partially answers the question of how to install individual heating in an apartment building; the success of the planned enterprise also depends on the choice of equipment.

Choosing a boiler for individual heating

Traditionally, boilers for individual apartment heating are chosen based on their power and reliability. For those residents of apartment complexes where gas is installed in the premises, the choice of boilers leans towards gas equipment. Although owners of apartments with electrical equipment can also install a gas boiler.

A gas boiler

To establish a comfortable temperature regime in the apartment, the required boiler power is calculated. Competent calculations can only be made by specialists who can assess the climatic conditions of the region, correctly measure the heated area, and select the equipment of the apartment according to all the necessary aspects.

When installing the system, you will have to choose not only boilers, radiators and the pipes themselves. It will be necessary to determine in advance whether single-pipe or two-pipe wiring is best done in this particular area. Single-pipe wiring is suitable for one-room apartments and a small number of radiators. But large areas require an increase in the number of pipes.

Modern individual gas heating in an apartment building is carried out with the participation of the main element of the system - a gas boiler.

On the market you can find products of both foreign and domestic production. Only those who live in Russia should pay attention to the fact that spare parts for repairing European versions are more difficult to find, and not every master will understand the structure of an imported unit. And domestic boilers are repaired without any problems.

Gas is one of the cheapest types of fuel. A gas-fired boiler will cost less to operate than its electric “brother.”

The advantages of a gas boiler include the following aspects:

With all the advantages, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the boiler will need a chimney to operate, and constant monitoring of the tightness of the equipment. According to norms and standards, a gas boiler is placed in an individual residential building in the kitchen or bathroom. To install it, the room must have wide doors, a window on the window, and a tap from which water can be turned on at any time.

Electric boiler

Today, individual heating electric boilers are considered the easiest to use devices for autonomous heating in an apartment. They are divided into floor and wall devices. They are much easier to install than all other systems, and their maintenance does not take much time.

Also, electric boilers for individual heating, the price of which is slightly higher than gas boilers, are considered safer and quieter devices. When heating with electricity, you can set different modes for each room. Among heating boilers there are devices that operate on different types of fuel. They belong to the combined type of boilers, and can operate in different modes as efficiently as boilers operating on a single fuel option.

System installation: selection of batteries and components

When the documents are completed and the choice of equipment is made, the next question arises: how to properly install heating in an apartment, the answer to which only a qualified technician can give in full. But at the initial stage, the home owner begins to develop a heating project, so we will consider heating batteries for the apartment and all the components for them.

The most suitable option for heating an apartment is considered to be batteries consisting of sections. The power of the radiator and the amount of heat that it can give off for heating depend on the number of sections. The material from which the section is made may have different thermal conductivity.

Let's take a closer look at the thermal conductivity of one section depending on the material:

Thus, thin heating radiators will give off more heat than, for example, cast iron ones, but not all radiators meet quality standards. The number of sections can be calculated by taking into account the following operating conditions:

In many apartments, the loggia plays the role of a separate living space. How to install heating on a loggia? To do this, it must be insulated by installing windows there and laying insulation on the walls, floor and ceiling. Then pipes are stretched from the nearest radiator to the loggia, to which the battery sections are connected.

The standard connection of bimetallic heating radiators includes the installation of an installation complex with brackets and two taps to completely shut off the water. With a small number of sections, bimetallic batteries are connected according to the proven “supply and return” circuit. For radiators with a large number of sections, the wiring is done “diagonally”.

Starting the heating system

If all the previous conditions are met, how to turn on the heating in the apartment and at the same time avoid serious mistakes? The most common method is a test water supply. Of course, if a leak occurs somewhere, you will have to change some parts of the system. But overall, the method is worth the risks.

To successfully test a set of equipment, you need to know how a heating battery works and on what principle heat exchange is carried out. The water heated by the boiler moves through the pipes, entering the battery, giving off heat to the radiator. The radiator material, heated by hot water, radiates heat into the surrounding space.

So how to turn on the heating battery in an apartment?

It is necessary to open all the taps in stages, making sure in practice that there are no leaks anywhere and the entire complex is homogeneous. It is convenient to divide the system with several limiters, by turning which you can let water flow into the radiators of a separate room, or completely disconnect the selected room from the rest of the complex.

Also, specialized stores sell liquid for radiators, the price of which varies depending on the brand. This antifreeze is used to protect the system from corrosion and to ensure good pump operation. More details about coolants can be found in our article. When using the liquid in a room that is periodically cooled to low temperatures, draining the antifreeze is not required. If a leak occurs, the liquid vapor can be harmful to the human body. However, it is not flammable and is quite safe when used correctly.

Having examined individual heating in an apartment from all sides, we can come to the conclusion that it has a huge number of advantages. It’s quite nice to wake up in the fall and spring in a warm room, and not put your feet out of bed on an icy floor, as happens when using central heating. You don’t have to depend on your neighbors for repairs when they change pipes and turn off all residents for the whole day. When a person uses his own boilers and components, the cost of servicing an apartment is greatly reduced, and the equipment itself pays for itself in several years.