Infrared film for heating. Infrared film for heated floors: power calculation and installation Infrared film for heated floors characteristics

The use of infrared radiation for heating is beneficial from any point of view. First of all, such radiation is better perceived by the body, because we also emit part of our heat in this range. Therefore, when using IR waves to maintain a comfortable temperature, the readings on the thermometer are usually 2-3 o C lower. And this leads to a reduction in heating costs. The second bonus is that you not only heat the room, but also receive treatment. After all, infrared radiation ionizes the air, which helps destroy many viruses and bacteria, and also destroys unpleasant odors. This type of rays is used to treat many diseases, and also promotes relaxation and relieving nervous tension. Another positive point: electromagnetic radiation is close to zero. The only drawback of this heating option is the high price of heating materials. But installation is much simpler and faster than cable systems and water floors.

When using infrared radiation for heating, it is not the air that is heated, but the objects located in the room. First of all, the floor becomes warm, which feels very warm, even if the temperature is set to low. And from heated objects, by convection, the air is heated.

Today, infrared floor heating can be done using two types of heaters: film roll material and rod carbon mat. In both cases, carbon is used only in different states. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Infrared film floor

IR floor film is a roll material. It is a carbon paste sealed in polypropylene or polyester film. Conductive busbars (stripes) made of silver and copper run along the edges. These tires supply an electrical current to a carbon material (usually carbon fiber). When electric current passes through carbon fiber, a large amount of heat is generated. The strips are collected in sections of several pieces in one. They can be cut along the dividing strip between sections, which is convenient during installation. This structure is also good because if one or more strips are damaged, the rest of the strip remains operational. Since the distance between the strips is very small, even the failure of several elements in a row will not affect the sensations in any way: the floor will remain uniformly warm. The width of the rolls is from 50cm to 100cm, the thickness of the film is from 0.2mm to 2mm.

Advantages

Film infrared flooring is compatible with most floor coverings. When laying hard surfaces - tiles, parquet and laminate, no additional protective layers are required. Manufacturers recommend rolling out plastic film on top, and then you can immediately lay the tiles on a special adhesive for underfloor heating or a suitable laminate, parquet or floor board. For wood products, infrared film floors are good because they create a uniform heat flow, which is why zones with different temperatures do not form in the wood, they crack and warp less.

There is one nuance here. Some manufacturers say that the film can be hidden in a screed or under tile adhesive, others do not advise. Most practitioners say that the film in cement is destroyed. Perhaps it's the film itself? After all, it is also different, as are the different ways of connecting it.

For laying other soft coverings such as linoleum, carpet, etc. a rigid base is required. To do this, plywood, OSB or any similar sheet material is laid on top of the same polyethylene film. After fixing, roll out and secure the floor covering. That's all. Easier and several times faster than with the device cable heated floor.

Flaws

The first is that films are afraid of overheating. And although they have a significant safety margin in terms of temperature (melt at 200 o C and higher, depending on the material of the insulating film), they can still burn out. Therefore, in those places where there is or will be furniture, large equipment, film is not laid. Second disadvantage: high price. On average, one square meter of film will cost $25. The high price of IR film is partially compensated by the absence of a screed and a long service life: if all recommendations are followed, more than 10 years. The third disadvantage is the need for painstaking and correct electrical connection of the film strips. The connection is made using contact clamps and an electrical wiring kit, which are supplied with the film, but require correct application. It is also necessary to seal well with adhesive insulating plates those parts of the contact bars that are not in use. Here, in fact, are all the shortcomings.

Construction and installation of infrared film floors

The first good news is that when installing IR film heated floors, no cement mortar or concrete is required. If your floor is level, then no “wet” work. The second good news is that you can make such a floor with your own hands in one room in one day. Even without special skills.

Calculation

To properly make a heated floor, you need to draw a floor plan to scale. Select areas where furniture/appliances will be placed. Next you need. Power needs to be supplied to it and wires from the film heater and temperature sensor are connected to it. After this, in the area not occupied by furniture and appliances, you need to place the strips of film so that they do not overlap each other or intersect, but fill the entire area as much as possible.

What does one of the options for the “pie” of infrared floor heating using carbon film look like?

The choice of heating intensity depends, firstly, on whether the heated floor is the main type of heating or additional. If floor heating is only a matter of comfort, and the main heating of the room is carried out by other systems, you can choose from low-power models starting from 150 W/m2. If the room is heated only from the floor, choose products with a power higher than 250 W/m2 (maximum for today 400 W/m2).

The second factor that influences the choice of power is the type of flooring. Under equal operating conditions and the same requirements, a film of greater thickness must be laid under the tiles than under other types of flooring: it absorbs heat very intensively and, at the same temperature, feels cold to the feet.

Installation of infrared film

The first thing to do is to reduce heat loss through the floor and adjacent walls. To prevent leakage through the walls, tape insulation or a strip of polystyrene foam 10 mm thick and about 10 cm high is laid around the perimeter. Then a layer of thermal insulation is laid on a flat and clean subfloor (on the entire surface of the floor, and not just under the foam). In order for heating to be effective, it is advisable to use foil or metallized material: it reflects heat directed downward. Since cement mortars are used here very rarely, the foil will serve well for many years (it quickly collapses in a screed). The use of such material increases heating efficiency and reduces heating costs. Thermal insulation can be rolled or in the form of mats and slabs. Attach the thermal insulation to the floor using glue, double-sided tape or staples from a mounting gun.

Then, according to the plan, roll out the infrared thermal film on top with the copper strip down (the top has a matte surface, not a shiny one). Make sure that no air accumulates under it. Where necessary, cut the roll according to the markings (dotted line and image of scissors). It is more convenient if all the heating elements are turned with their contacts towards the wall where the thermostat will be installed. The distance between adjacent stripes is several centimeters. If you are planning an infrared floor under linoleum, it is better to lay the strips more tightly so that the distance between the tires is 1 cm. But the tires should not touch or overlap under any circumstances.

Connecting IR floor

Now you need to connect all the strips with an electrical cable, which is usually included in the kit. Make contact on the current-carrying copper strip. One part of it is located under the core, the other is on top. Now use pliers to crimp the contact. This is how you install contacts on all buses facing the thermostat. On the far side of the thermostat, the exposed sections of the copper conductor must be covered with insulating tape (included in the kit).

When installing a piece of insulation, cover the entire width of the busbar, including the silver mesh, if present (see illustration). Having installed all the contacts and insulators, attach the IR film with tape to the heat insulator, and use it to fasten the strips together.

A thermostat is installed on the wall. Wires are connected to it from the heating strips. Under one of them you need to make a recess in the heat-insulating material for the floor temperature sensor and the wires to it. Having laid and secured the sensor, run the wires from it to the thermostat as well.

The connection diagram for the infrared floor is shown in the figure. Now wires are connected to the contacts: the insulation is removed from a small area, the exposed conductor(s) are inserted into the contact connector, and crimped with pliers. Check the strength of the connection and insulate with a piece of bitumen insulation that comes with the kit (two pieces, one on top, the other on the bottom, pressing them tightly together). Place all the wires on the thermostat, connect according to the diagram that is on its back side.

The electrical connection to the thermostat must be carried out by a qualified specialist. After the power is applied, you can test the system: set the temperature to 30 o C, after a few minutes check whether the strips heat well and whether the connections are sparking. If everything is fine, you can lay a hard finishing floor covering or base under soft materials.

Finish coating of IR floor

If tiles, parquet or laminate are laid on an infrared film floor, all you need to do is roll out the protective (polyethylene or special) film. It will prevent water from entering live parts during operation and will protect against damage during installation. If you use laminate, you can use a backing instead of film (or together with film). By the way, there is a special infrared film for tiles.

You need to lay a 1-2cm layer of glue under the tiles, and after it dries, begin finishing work (special glue and grout for joints are for heated floors). You can immediately lay the tiles on the glue, but the thickness of the glue and tiles must be at least 2cm.

If a soft floor covering will be used, it is necessary to make a solid base for it. These can be sheets of plywood (10mm) or OSB or other similar material. It is attached to the floor with ordinary screws or dowels. Only when attaching a solid substrate, you need to be careful not to get into the conductive strips (copper and silver). It is also advisable to destroy as little carbon strips as possible. Having completed the manufacture of a rigid base, you can lay the floor covering - linoleum, carpet, carpet, etc. The main thing is that the temperature sensor and thermostat work, which will protect the film from overheating.

This is all the styling. You can turn on the infrared floor and warm up. By the way, the film does not have to be laid on the floor. You can make yourself an infrared wall or even a ceiling. There are even special IR films that are installed under suspended or suspended ceilings.

Mobile heated floor

One of the main advantages of IR film is its elasticity and fairly high strength. They decided to use these qualities to the fullest and made a mobile heated floor. This is a small piece of heating material with a thermostat and an electrical plug that can be moved from place to place. It can be piled and folded. You can place the mat anywhere and turn it on. A mobile heated floor can be made on the basis of infrared carbon film, or on the basis of a cable mat or resistive film. Naturally, IR mats are more expensive than resistive ones, but in addition to heating, they also have a healing effect.

Mobile infrared floor - mat with thermostat

If you have a piece left over from the installation, you can make such a mat yourself by connecting a piece of IR film to the wires, carefully insulating the contacts. Then connect the wires to a standard plug. Get a portable infrared heater. You can place this rug under your feet, on a chair, etc. Such a mobile film heated floor will help out if the heating suddenly fails, or it simply cannot cope with abnormal cold weather. It only takes a few minutes to connect. The only thing is to ensure that there is no overheating. There is no thermostat in the homemade version, although you can connect it in conjunction with a sensor, but then the mat will be too expensive.

Rod infrared heated floor

This infrared floor is called a rod floor because of the shape of the heating elements. Inside the insulating rod is a composite material consisting of carbon, silver and graphite. This combination of materials added a very good bonus to the advantages of IR radiation: the system is self-regulating. That is, it itself can reduce/increase the amount of heat generated in each area.

A rod infrared floor looks like this

The IR rods are connected by insulated copper wires. The heating elements are connected in parallel, which means that if one or more elements are damaged, the rest of the system will work. But this applies to rods. If you break the connecting wire located on the side, operation will be lost.

Parallel connected carbon rods are rolled into rolls. Their width is 07-1.5 m, length - up to 25 meters. Rated power 110-250W/linear m. At maximum power, the heater operates for several minutes until the screed heats up, then the amount of heat and power consumption are significantly reduced. Therefore, such floors are much more economical to operate than analogues of other designs.

Installation of infrared floor from rods

This electric floor heating system is easy to install. The subfloor must be level. The maximum permissible height difference is 1cm per 1m2. As with a film heater, it is important to ensure a good level of thermal insulation. Therefore, we lay thermal insulation along the walls and on the floor. As with other heated floors, the best option is a metalized material that is attached to the base with double-sided tape, glue or staples.

Having laid the thermal insulation and taped its joints, roll out the mat on top, not reaching the opposite wall 15-20 cm. At the turning point, cut one of the side connecting cables in the middle between the rods and turn the roll in the desired direction. Repeat this operation until you finish laying. When rolling out the roll, make sure that the wires do not touch or intersect. Attach the rods and conductors to the thermal insulation with tape and fasten them together. Until now, the process has been the same as when installing an infrared film floor. Then the differences begin.

Now we cut out windows in some places between the rods in the heat insulator. They will “connect” the screed laid on the IR core floor to the subfloor. They are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The total area of ​​“holes” is 20-25% of the thermal insulation area. It is better to cut out many small pieces - this way there will be less heat loss through them. Now it's the turn of the electrical part.

Connecting rods

Using the wire and contact clamps included in the kit, you need to connect the cut supply wires to one system. We remove the insulation from the wire by about 1 cm in the place where it was cut when turning the mat. We take the clamp/contact and put it on the bare conductor, crimp it with pliers or pliers. We put a piece of heat-shrink tubing of a slightly larger diameter on the wire from the kit. We insert the stripped end of this wire on the other side into the contact. We crimp it too. After checking the strength of the connection (tug), using a hair dryer, we achieve shrinkage of the tube on the contact. We got a well-insulated contact. Some companies use bitumen instead of heat-shrinkable pipes for insulation. Strips of this material attach very well to any surface and do not conduct current. In this case, take a piece of bitumen insulation and, having laid the contact, crimp it well. So we connect all the contacts. The connection diagram is shown in the figure.

Having collected everything, we connect it to the thermostat installed on the wall. We also connect a temperature sensor to it, which we place in the middle between the rods (you can fix it with tape). Having completed the connection, turn on the system, set it to 30 o C and carefully observe. If there is no sparking or strange smell, all the strips are heating up, then everything has been done correctly and you can proceed to the final stage of installation.

Laying flooring on an infrared rod floor

This option is an ideal choice for heated floors under tiles. In this case, installation is very simple. Just take tile adhesive and tiles and lay them. The only condition is that the thickness of the glue + tile must be more than 2 cm for uniform heating and a normal level of heat transfer. This is the best heated floor for tiles or porcelain stoneware.

All other types of coating require a screed. Its thickness is at least 2cm. Laying the flooring only after the composition has completely dried. Please note that you absolutely cannot turn on the underfloor heating system to speed up drying: cracks will appear, and they will lead to a decrease in heating efficiency.

Infrared radiation is not the only way to organize electric floor heating. Can be laid or made

Results

The installation of infrared heated floors is several times simpler than similar cable systems. Their undoubted advantage is useful and pleasant radiation, high heating rate and lower energy consumption (carbon IR floors are especially beneficial from this point of view). Disadvantage: high price and rather troublesome and painstaking electrical assembly.

With the development of the concept of energy saving, the topic of maintaining heat in a building and room is more relevant than ever. Among heating systems built into the floor, infrared heated floors are recognized as the most effective heating system. The operating principle of infrared heaters is based on the use of infrared wave radiation, which occurs when the temperature of the heating element increases. In contact with the surfaces of various objects, the infrared spectrum of waves heats them up and the heat is distributed evenly over the entire area.

Advantages of infrared heated floors

Infrared film heated floors are versatile and reliable, practical and durable, healthy and affordable. Using a film heater, you can create local heat sources of any configuration and area, for example, on a loggia, bay window, or staircase. At a low temperature of the heating surface, infrared film for heated floors has a high warming effect. Thanks to this, heating occurs evenly not only in one room, but throughout the entire apartment (house). The advantages and disadvantages of infrared heated floors are described in the article.

Infrared heated floor - technical characteristics

Infrared film is available in two formats: in rolls and in ready-made strips of a certain length, and each strip already has a wire outlet ready for connection. Infrared heated floor characteristics:

• Power source - ordinary apartment (house) electrical network with a voltage of 220 V, some models operate stably even when the voltage drops to 190 V
• Power consumption per 1m2 - from 130 to 240 W
• Film thickness - 0.3-0.47 mm, width - 0.5 and 0.8 m (1.0 m)
• Heating element - graphite
• The maximum heating temperature of the film is 45 degrees C (for some models - 60 degrees C)
• Efficiency = 98%

Heating element device

A film heated floor consists of two layers of polymer film, between which strips of carbon material are included. The polymer material provides waterproofness, mechanical strength and safety in case of local overheating. Strips 1.5 cm wide are connected in parallel to copper-silver busbars, which conduct electric current. With this connection scheme, the strips heat up independently of each other, and if a problem occurs in one of the strips, all other strips of the system continue to work. In the event of a failure in one segment, to eliminate the malfunction, you will have to open the floor only in this area, and there is no need to dismantle the floor covering in the entire room. When reconstructing a floor or part of it, infrared film can be dismantled, moved and installed in a new location.

Installation of infrared heated floor

The infrared film floor should be laid on a flat surface, without bulges, potholes and irregularities in the following sequence:

• A film is laid on the surface of the base floor (concrete/cement screed) with a humidity of 2% - a polyethylene film (vapor barrier) with a thickness of 100 microns or more is laid out with an overlap of 15-20 cm
• A heat insulator is placed on top of the polyethylene film
• Heat-reflecting foil (penofol, isolon) is laid on the heat-insulating material; strips of foil are laid end-to-end and securely fixed with foil tape
• An infrared heated floor is laid on top of the foil; the film is installed without intersections or overlaps.
• Cover the infrared system with a protective film (waterproofing)
• To control the temperature, a temperature sensor is installed in the floor structure, which in turn is connected to a thermostat
• Next, the flooring is laid.

Floor coverings for heated floors

Infrared flooring can be laid under any type of covering without hesitation: laminate and parquet, ceramic tiles, carpet and linoleum. And if other electric heating systems cannot be installed, for example, under a wooden floor due to the risk of fire, then infrared electric heated floors are absolutely safe in this regard, because they heat up only to 45 degrees C, and a fire will not occur. For all types of finishing coating, the structure of the lower layers of a heated floor (from bottom to top) is the same: a layer of thermal insulation laid on the base of the floor, heat-reflecting foil and a film infrared heater.

Infrared heated floor under linoleum

Since linoleum is a soft structured material, it is laid on a hard layer. The film heater is covered with a protective film. The next step is the installation of rigid slabs. These can be gypsum fiber, glass magnesite boards, plywood sheets or waterproof fiberboard sheets. Then linoleum is laid on the sheets. To provide sound insulation from sounds when people or moving objects walk, a special backing is laid under the linoleum.

Infrared film for laminate

Laminated panels are quite sensitive to both high humidity and temperature changes. Taking these factors into account, using an infrared floor under a laminate to heat a room would be the most acceptable option for installing a heated floor. A protective film is placed over the infrared heater and carefully secured. Then the installation of the floor covering is carried out. Moreover, the panels can be laid either directly on the protective film or on a substrate under the laminate.

Infrared heated floor under tiles

An important fact when installing an infrared floor under tiles is the poor adhesion (adhesion) of the tile adhesive to the surface of the heating elements. There are two ways to properly install infrared heated floors under tiles:

• Using a rigid sheet
• Screed device (wet installation)

First method: using a rigid sheet

The installation of a heated floor involves the use of SML-Premium (glass-magnesite sheet) or GVL (gypsum fiber sheet). A layer of heat-reflecting material is laid on the prepared screed. Then the thermal film is carefully laid out on it. The infrared heat emitter is covered with polyethylene film, which acts as a water barrier. GVL or SML sheets laid on top of the waterproofing film serve as protection against mechanical stress and impart a certain rigidity to the heated floor structure. The surface of the sheets is coated with tile adhesive and tiles are laid - ceramic, marble or porcelain stoneware.

Second method: screed device (wet installation)

The second method fits the definition of “wet” installation. It differs from the first method in that instead of rigid sheets, a non-metallic (polymer) reinforcing mesh is applied.

Film heating elements are covered with polyethylene (waterproofing) film, and the joints are sealed with tape. Then, as a reinforcing layer, a non-metallic (plastic) mesh is laid out over the entire surface of the heated floor. At the next stage, a cement-sand screed 3-5 cm thick is made, into which a temperature sensor is installed. After complete drying, tile adhesive is applied to the screed and the tiles are laid.

Laying heated floors under tiles video

With both the first and second methods of installing heated floors:

• A substrate with a low shrinkage coefficient, for example, isolon or thick technical cork, is used as a heat-reflecting material. 2-3 mm
• The protective layer (sheets/screed) should be attached with dowels to the primary screed without disturbing the integrity of the heating strips
• The protective sheets/screed should be coated with a “concrete contact” composition, which, when hardened, forms a rough surface, which ensures excellent adhesion of the tile to the base

Buy infrared heated floor

Infrared floors, as a heating system, can be purchased either in a stationary specialized store or ordered on the website of a company that sells infrared heated floor systems. As a rule, such companies provide services not only for the configuration and delivery of the heating system, but also for its installation (device). And if the decision has already been made: to buy infrared film heated floors, then you can invite the company’s specialists. In this case, the customer will not only save time on installation work and repairs in general, but will also receive a guarantee for the work performed.

Infrared heated floor price

For a heating system such as infrared film underfloor heating, the price depends on the brand/brand of the manufacturer. Film infrared floors from domestic manufacturers will cost slightly less than products from foreign companies. In addition, for a film heated floor heating system, the price is determined taking into account the geometric parameters of the film - thickness and width. Many dealers of manufacturing companies provide price discounts depending on the quantity of film heater purchased. For example, purchasing 20 sq.m of infrared film will cost the buyer 10% less than purchasing 10 sq.m of film (per 1 sq.m). Infrared floor film with a width of 50 cm and a heating power of 220 W/m2 costs approximately 650-800 rubles per 1 sq.m. The low cost of infrared heated floors allows you to use it both as additional heating and as the main source of heat in the room.

An important aspect of underfloor heating is efficiency

When planning to install a heated floor system, a person not only chooses inexpensive components and materials, but also calculates future savings. And if a decision has already been made: to buy an infrared film heated floor, then the infrared film will be purchased according to the buyer’s measurements, without overpaying for extra meters. Infrared heating elements, both in their structure and in their placement on the floor plane, provide higher heat transfer than, for example, a cable heating system. Therefore, film infrared heated floors help reduce costs both upon purchase and during all subsequent years of operation. The use of infrared heated floors is a real opportunity to reduce electricity consumption (for heating) by 25-30% both in kilowatts and in monetary terms.

Infrared heated floor video

Previously, installing infrared flooring was considered a luxury, however, today this method of heating rooms has gained wide popularity. Infrared film heated floors are a modern and practical option for organizing primary or additional heating in a room. In this article we will look at the benefits of installing infrared film, its types and compatibility with floor coverings.

Heating using IR film has many advantages over other types of similar heating. Let's consider the main advantages of this heating design:

• such a system cannot fail at the same time, since it is connected in parallel;
• possibility of installation on any type of surface - both horizontal and vertical, as well as on elements that are located at an angle;

• The design features of the infrared floor make it possible to achieve uniform heating of the room. This is especially important if laminate is used as a floor covering;
• another advantage of such a system is ease of installation;
• possibility of disassembly if necessary;
• this film is suitable for installation in rooms where the humidity level exceeds the permissible parameters;
• compatibility with different flooring options;
• installation of such a system is allowed not only in enclosed spaces, but also in open conditions (for example, on a veranda);
• high heat transfer coefficient, which reaches 97%;
• The efficiency of film infrared flooring is approximately 30% higher than that of other underfloor heating systems. The prices of film heated floors fully correspond to their effectiveness.

Note! When choosing IR film for organizing floor heating, you need to take into account one very important parameter - the height of the ceilings. The lower the ceiling height, the more efficient the heating of the room.

However, this design also has some disadvantages, among which are the following:

• the need to follow clear rules when connecting;

• high inertia, due to which heating and cooling occur very quickly;
• poor resistance to mechanical stress in comparison with a tubular structure that uses water as a coolant.

The film system is generally not suitable for installation as the main heating system. It is recommended to use an infrared design for additional heating.

Types of infrared films

From a design point of view, all IR films are similar and have a common operating principle. However, for various types of premises and operating conditions, it is customary to use certain options for film heated floors. The differences between ICs are primarily due to the fact that they are produced by different companies.

Let's consider the types of IR film based on maximum heating temperature and their compatibility with various floor coverings:

• high-temperature infrared heated floors under tiles. The maximum heating temperature of such systems reaches 50°C. They are incompatible with floor coverings that are more susceptible to heat (linoleum, laminate);

• low-temperature infrared heated floors for linoleum and laminate. Such systems can heat up to 27°C;
• universal IR systems that are compatible with all types of floor coverings.

The second parameter by which IR films are classified is the type of heating element. Today, there are two main types of infrared floors, depending on the heating element:

• carbon;
• bimetallic.

The power density of the infrared floor is the last indicator, which is very important when choosing heating. Let's consider three main types of IR films, depending on this parameter:

• with low power (130–160 W/m²) - used in cases where it is necessary to organize heating of a room with a small area. Compatible with “light” floor coverings;

• with average power (from 170 to 220 W/m²) - installed in more spacious rooms. Perfect for the following flooring options: porcelain stoneware, tiles;
• with high power (above 220 W/m²) – installed in industrial buildings. They are also used for floor heating in saunas and various workshops.

If necessary, you can always contact specialists who will help you choose the necessary system for a particular case. It is also recommended that before purchasing, read the relevant reviews on specialized forums. Film heated floors are an innovative solution for any room, allowing you to achieve maximum comfort.

Features of carbon and bimetallic IR films

Carbon films used for underfloor heating are more expensive. The heating elements in such a system are made of a special carbon material, which has a fibrous structure. In some cases, they are equipped with a protective layer of graphite. Spraying of this material helps to increase the strength characteristics of the system and also affects the length of its service life.

The basis of the material is represented by lavsan film. Carbon infrared film flooring can be mounted on horizontal and vertical surfaces.

Helpful information! When installing carbon film for a heated floor, the choice of connection diagram is very important. In such a situation, experts recommend using a parallel connection option.

Bimetallic IR film differs from carbon film in that it has heating elements consisting of two metal layers (aluminum and copper). The material is based on double polyurethane film, which has good elasticity.

The installation of a bimetallic system is complicated by the fact that a ground electrode cannot be connected to the system. Also, the bimetallic structure is incompatible with ceramic flooring. It belongs to the low-temperature variety, so its recommended heating level does not exceed 27°C.

Technical characteristics and operational scope of film flooring

Before purchasing IR film, it is imperative to study all its main technical characteristics. This knowledge will help you select the required type of system and calculate it for a specific room. Let's consider the characteristics of such heating structures:

• IR film is produced and sold in rolls, the length of which reaches up to 100 m. The width of the roll can be different (from 50 to 100 cm), and its weight is approximately 55 kg;

• the finished structure is powered from the electrical network, the voltage of which is standard 220V;
• per day, the IR floor consumes approximately 20 to 70 W/m²;
• the speed of heating the film to the maximum temperature is quite high (about 2 minutes);
• surface temperature can reach 50°C.

If you decide to use such a film as the main heat source, then you need to remember that it must cover at least 70% of the floor area. In regions with cold climates, film electric heated floors can only be used as additional heating.

Film heated floors Caleo

Caleo has a wide range of infrared films for underfloor heating, making it easy to choose the right system for a specific situation. The products of this brand are represented by both simple options and ultra-modern film coatings, the operation of which is fully automated.

Today this company produces 4 main modifications of infrared film systems.

LINE. An inexpensive system that is perfect for installation in small spaces.

GRID. A product belonging to the middle price segment. A special feature of the GRID infrared floor is the presence of an anti-spark mesh, which is made of silver.

Note! Caleo warm floors have their own characteristics. For example, their installation should be done only using the “dry” method. They are also not suitable for installation under ceramic floor coverings.

GOLD. As in the previous case, anti-spark mesh technology is used here. And also such films can self-regulate, which allows reducing energy consumption by up to 20%.

PLATINUM. The most expensive option for infrared flooring. It is distinguished by energy-saving qualities that can reduce electrical energy consumption by 5-6 times. IR flooring PLATINUM can be installed under areas that are covered by furniture, without the risk of overheating.

All of the above models have a remote control function. Installation of Caleo heated floors is carried out without the necessary organization of screed or special adhesive coating.

Infrared film floors from the Rexva brand

Rexva IR films occupy second position in the ranking of heated floors. This company produces ultra-thin film communications that can be installed on various types of surfaces (vertical, horizontal and even on the ceiling). The Rexva range of heated floors is represented not only by systems with a standard power range.

For heating residential and industrial premises, this company offers infrared films, the power of which reaches 400 W/m². As a rule, such models are used to organize heating in saunas. They are characterized by a high level of water resistance, as they have a special double-sided coating located on top of the main lamination.

Products from the Rexva brand are highly durable and resistant to high pressure. Their operational scope is quite wide - from small rooms to gyms. The price of the Rexva infrared floor fully corresponds to good quality and reliability.

Features of IR films from Heat Plus

The Heat Plus brand produces heated floors (including infrared). The peculiarity of the models manufactured by this company is that they can have different film shapes, namely:

• striped;
• solid.

Related article:

Description of the installation process of a water heated floor. Its advantages and disadvantages are different from other types.

Features of the IR floor production technology from this company make it possible to avoid the presence of unheated zones. The production of such film systems involves uniform application of carbon material on a polyester base, which allows achieving a high level of efficiency of heating communications.

Let's look at other advantages of Heat Plus IR floors:

• ease of installation;
• wear resistance;

• reliability.

The service life of such products can reach 15 years under normal use. If desired, organizing such a system takes no more than one day, which is very convenient.

Note! The price of IR floor Heat Plus is several times higher than the standard one. However, products from this brand pay for themselves in 1-2 years.

Heated floor infrared film Monocrystal

The Monocrystal company is located in Ukraine and is the only manufacturer of IR floors in the CIS. Thanks to South Korean technologies used in the manufacturing process of IR films, products from this brand have taken a confident position in the construction market.

The main difference between Monocrystal models is that they do not contain silver paste. To achieve the necessary electrical contact, products from the Ukrainian brand are equipped with a thicker layer of carbon paste. In this way, stabilization is achieved between the copper busbar and the heating device.

Let's look at the main technical characteristics of Monocrystal IR floors:

• film width – from 30 to 60 cm;

• step – 20–25 cm;
• powered by an electrical network with standard voltage (220V);
• maximum power indicator – up to 200 W/m²;
• The maximum heating temperature of the material reaches 50°C.

The service life of IR film from the manufacturer Monocrystal is 10 years. The model range includes the following varieties: linear, perforated, solid. Perforation is arranged for compatibility with tile flooring. Film heated floors under tiles are widely popular among buyers.

Infrared heated floors: reviewsconsumers

Today, many home craftsmen refuse to install water-heated floors and give their preference to infrared floors. This is primarily due to the fact that a water system requires a longer installation time. And also its use is possible only after the screed has completely hardened. On many construction forums, consumers recommend infrared film heated floors. Reviews about these models are mostly positive.

Consumers also pay attention to the efficiency that manifests itself in the process of using such heating systems. Studying various comments, you can see that many people point to savings in energy consumption with film heated floors. Reviews talk about saving electrical energy when using such systems by up to 20%.

Helpful information! Some IR systems take no more than 3 hours to install and can be used immediately after installation.

Such heating communications are considered completely safe and are repairable. If individual segments of the IR system are damaged, it does not fail completely. In addition, they can be easily replaced and continued operation of the system, which is often indicated in reviews. Warm floors under laminate are in great demand and usually cost the most.

Negative comments are much less common and, as a rule, indicate that when replacing the system, it becomes necessary to dismantle the floor covering. Most often, infrared heated floors are installed under laminate. Negative reviews in this case tell us that this floor covering cools down very quickly and the heating system cannot be used as the main one.

Compilationconnection diagrams for film heated floors

In order to avoid installation errors and other surprises, experts advise choosing a connection diagram and drawing up a project plan before installing IR film. An elementary diagram will help not only to correctly calculate the amount of material needed in a particular case, but also to select the film required in terms of power.

Let's consider the points that need to be taken into account when drawing up a connection diagram:

• cutting of infrared fabric is carried out strictly in those places that were marked by the manufacturer;
• It is strictly forbidden to cut at any angles and try to form shaped elements from the canvas;
• installation of the film is carried out in parallel strips;
• the strips must be laid in such a way that they do not overlap each other;
• It is important to remember that the gap between the film sheet and the furniture should not be less than 3 cm. The same distance must be maintained between the edge of the infrared sheet and the wall;
• copper bars of adjacent panels should not touch. The minimum distance between them is 1 cm;
• the number of connection points should be kept to a minimum;

• the best option for locating the connection points is on the side of the wall on which the thermostat will be installed;
• the diagram must be drawn up in such a way that the main part of the wiring is hidden behind the baseboards;
• when using short film sections (up to 100 cm), it is necessary to take care of additional insulation and purchase additional terminal clamps.

Helpful information! The individual panels are joined together using adhesive tape.

The thermostat must be selected in advance, before installing the electric heated floor. Reviews about these devices can be easily studied on specialized forums on the Internet. If the area that needs to be heated is quite large, then you need to purchase additional temperature sensors.

Preparing the base for laying infrared film

After choosing a laying scheme and purchasing material, you can begin pre-installation preparatory work. A very important point is preparing the base for laying the infrared floor. If the old concrete screed is not even, then it must be dismantled. However, if everything is in order with the screed, it is enough to simply clean it of debris and remove dust.

In most cases, the base has many small cracks and chips before laying the film. Experts advise eliminating these defects using cement mortar or any other suitable composition. In some situations, owners discover that the screed has begun to peel off from the subfloor. This situation requires the removal of the old screed and the organization of a new one.

The joints that form from connecting the walls to the floor must be carefully leveled and sealed if they have cracks. If this is not done, then the film floor will lose heat through them.

After preparing the base, it is necessary to lay thermal insulation material on the screed. As a rule, a reflector made of foamed polyethylene is used for these purposes. The joints of the individual insulator sheets are glued with mounting tape, and this is where the process of preparation for installation of the infrared heated floor ends.

Peculiaritieslaying film heated floors under laminate

After completing the preparation process, you can proceed directly to installing the IR film. The installation algorithm for a heated film floor under a laminate is as follows:

• First of all, it is necessary to cut the material. The length of the strip should not be more than 8 m;

• At the second stage, the strips are laid. In order to reduce the number of joints, experts recommend laying sheets of infrared material along a long wall. The distance from the edge of the film to the wall should be at least 10 cm, and the distance between adjacent panels should be at least 5 cm. Installation of film heated floors is best done using the parallel method;
• Next you need to connect the wires and insulate unused contacts. The wires are connected using special clamps - terminals. And for insulation, a special bitumen tape is used, which has a high sealing coefficient;
• then the infrared floor wires are connected under the laminate. To do this, you need to connect the wire to the terminal and insulate it;
• At this stage, the temperature sensor(s) are installed. Experts advise placing these elements under the second canvas (closer to the midpoint). The sensor is installed in this way: it must be glued to the underside of the canvas on the black strip;
• Next, the infrared heated floors are connected to the thermoregulatory device. To do this, you need to connect the wires from the film and the temperature sensor to it. The connection itself is made through an RCD;

• Next, you need to check how the installed communication functions. To do this, a trial run is carried out;
• The last stage of installing an infrared floor involves laying the appropriate floor covering on top of it, which in this case is represented by a laminate.

Helpful information! The wire belonging to the sensor can be placed in corrugated protection. This will simplify the repair procedure if necessary.

It is recommended to keep it in the room for 2-3 days before laying the laminate flooring. This is necessary so that it acquires the appropriate temperature, which will further prevent its expansion. To become familiar with the features of using IR film in this case, it is recommended to read reviews on specialized websites. Film heated floors under laminate are the most common today.

Installation of infrared heated floors under tiles

Laying an infrared floor under ceramic tiles can be done in two ways: “dry” and “wet”. In the first case, the heating elements of the film do not come into contact with the cement screed. In turn, the “wet” method of installing IR film is done by pouring cement mortar over the system.

Let's consider the algorithm of actions for the “dry” method:

1. Installation of the film sheet, which is carried out according to the same rules as in the case of organizing infrared heating under the laminate.
2. Next, a protective layer is installed, which is often used as a polyethylene film.
3. At this stage, it is necessary to install a base under the screed on top of the film. Plasterboard sheets (GKL) are excellent for such purposes. When fixing the sheets, special care must be taken, as there is a risk of damage to the heating elements of the infrared floor.
4. Then a thin layer of screed is poured over the substrate.
5. The last step is to lay the tiles. For this, standard tile adhesive is used.

In turn, laying infrared heated floors using the “wet” method is more profitable from a financial point of view. It includes the following steps:

• First of all, it is necessary to install the heating elements of the IR floor;

• Next, a protective polyethylene film is laid. This stage is the most important in the entire procedure of the “wet” method of installing IR. Experts recommend laying protective polyethylene film in 2-3 layers;
• At the third stage, reinforcement is installed. As a rule, a metal masonry mark is used for these purposes;
• then the screed is poured;

• Finally, ceramic tiles must be laid.

Note! The thickness of the screed should not be more than 10 mm, otherwise the efficiency of such heating will be significantly reduced.

Thus, the installation of film heated floors under tiles can be done by hand. The only thing that is necessary for this is strict adherence to the sequence of work.

Peculiaritiesinstallation of film heated floors under linoleum

Installing an infrared floor under linoleum has its own characteristics. Let's look at this process step by step:

1. First, the thermal insulation material is laid.
2. Next, you need to cut the IR fabric into pieces of the required length.
3. At the third stage, film heated floors are installed. It is important to remember that they must be laid with the copper elements facing down.
4. Then, using pliers, clamp terminals are mounted on the copper wire elements of the film.
5. At this stage, the strips are fixed with double-sided tape. This is necessary in order to avoid their free movement.
6. Next, you need to complete the procedure for connecting the heated film floor to the electrical network.
7. After connecting the IR floor, you need to check its functionality.
8. Then a protective polyethylene film is placed on the heating elements, which is fixed with tape.
9. The penultimate stage takes into account the installation of the base under the linoleum. Fiberboard sheets can be used as a base.
10. At the last stage, the linoleum is laid.

Thus, a film heated floor is installed under linoleum. If you are not confident in your own skills, then it is recommended to contact the masters who will do all the work efficiently and in a matter of hours.

Infrared heated floor: prices

Today you can find various options for IR floors of carbon or bimetallic type. Their cost varies from 300 to 1700 rubles. per 1 m², depending on the manufacturer and technical characteristics. Some carbon models may have a special protective coating of graphite and cost up to 2000 rubles.

The dependence of the price on the company that produces IR floors can be seen with the naked eye. For example, the price of a Caleo infrared film heated floor can exceed 2,000 rubles. for 1 m², while the Rexva company sells some high-quality models for only 300–400 rubles. The price of film heated floors under laminate is the highest, which is due to high demand.

Note! If the cost of IR is indicated for a whole roll at once, then it is recommended to recalculate the cost of 1 m2 yourself. Some companies use this method to increase the price of products.

The price of a heat-reflecting base ranges from 80 to 200 rubles. The simplest thermostat model will cost approximately 1,200 rubles, and more expensive devices equipped with touch programming will cost 2,500 rubles. The cost of installation services also differs and can vary from 200 to 400 rubles. for 1 m².

Where can I buy film heated floors? You can purchase these heating systems at any specialized store or construction hypermarket. You can also buy infrared film heated floors via the Internet. To do this, you need to go to the website that sells this product and place an order.

The ability to choose different underfloor heating systems often confuses the average buyer. In order to understand the variety of products from different companies, it will take a lot of time and effort. To solve this problem, you can focus on one type of heating. But even then the question arises: which film heated floor is better?

Types of film floors

First you need to find out the operating principle of each type of film structure. Currently, several technologies are used to obtain thermal energy from thin thermal substrates. They differ not only in the materials of manufacture, but also in the principles of generating thermal energy.

In general, all systems can be divided into 2 types - convection and infrared. Each of them has certain technical and operational characteristics that must be taken into account when choosing.

Convection

A layer of metallized material is applied to a thin plate - often aluminum plating. On the side surfaces of the structure there are conductive lines, which are connected to the thermostat using a power cable. When current passes, the electrical resistance of the spray increases the surface temperature. In this case, thermal energy is transferred to the air in the room. Part of it is consumed during the passage of the concrete screed (if one is present).

One example of such a design is the film heated floor teplofol nano. Aluminum sputtering lines are applied to a thin substrate (0.33 mm). To protect conductive elements, thin layers of high-temperature polyester are used, which are located on both sides of the aluminum layer. Thin strips ensure uniform heating of the floor even with minimal energy consumption.

IR films

The operating principle of infrared film surfaces is completely different. Externally, the design is almost completely similar to convection. But instead of an aluminum layer, carbon strips are applied to the polymer substrate. They are connected in parallel with the side conductive lines. When current passes through the carbon layer, IR radiation is generated. It does not lead to an increase in temperature on the surface of the structure. When they hit an object, it begins to heat up.

Calorique film heated floors work on the same principle. With an optimal heating element pitch of 1.68 cm, a rated power of 90 W/m² is provided. It is noteworthy that this particular brand produces film not only 50 cm wide (standard). The company's assortment includes models with a width of 80 and 100 cm. This is convenient for installation in a room with non-standard dimensions.

Principle of operation

Film heated floors offer a completely different approach to heating a room than the usual one. Convection heating is based on heating the air, causing it to dry out, as well as circulation in the room (heated air rises), which often leads to loss of some heat and drafts. Underfloor heating uses a more effective method - most often the principle of infrared radiation is used, which causes objects to heat up, thus retaining the heat in the area near the floor.

This effect of a warm floor is provided by carbon heating elements that form a grid and are connected to copper current conductors and a thermostat. For protection, the heating elements are covered with polymer material. Using a heated film floor provides the following advantages:

• uniform heating of the room while maintaining the level of air humidity;
• rapid heating of the floor when turned on and rapid cooling when turned off;
• versatility - film flooring can be used on different types of bases and with different floor coverings;
• reliability and strength - the film with heating elements cannot be damaged by high pressure or loads, so it is suitable for use in public spaces with high traffic;
• small film thickness (does not reach 1 mm) - allows you to lay any floor covering without changing the calculations;
• complete safety for human health;
• simple and quick installation, as well as subsequent operation.

Film flooring is also easy to dismantle; it is usually not secured with adhesives and can be easily removed after removing the floor covering.

The infrared floor also has disadvantages - the main one is that it is still an electrical device that can break if the installation instructions are not followed. And breakage of the film floor will require preliminary disassembly of the finishing coating. Therefore, although it is quite possible to carry out the installation work yourself, it is still recommended to turn to experienced specialists.

Selection options

Knowing what the operating principle of infrared and convection floor heating models is, you can begin to analyze the technical qualities of these systems. To do this, you need to find out the installation conditions, and in particular:

1. Will a concrete layer be installed?
2. Total area covered by heating elements.
3. Optimal thermal power of the future structure per 1 m².

They will determine the final choice, since these types of film coatings have different performance properties.

The best manufacturers

Today there is a fairly wide variety of manufacturers specializing in film heated floors:

	A Korean company that produces film flooring for universal use (products can be used in both residential and public buildings). The heating element is carbon-based, the power of underfloor heating from this manufacturer varies from 130W to 230W. The width of the rolls is from 50 cm to 1 m, which ensures ease of installation work. The disadvantage is the fairly high cost.
	A Korean company that has gained popularity due to the combination of product quality and low cost. Produces universal film in rolls of 0.5 m, 0.4 cm thick, power - from 180W to 220W. The disadvantage of such a film is its tendency to deformation and tearing.
Calorique	American manufacturer of high quality film flooring. The film thickness is only 0.3 cm, it is highly flexible, durable and resistant to damage. The product is the most reliable and durable, but for many the disadvantage will be its high cost.
HeatPlus	A Korean company that produces high-quality film flooring based on carbon heaters. Roll width - from 0.5 to 80 cm, film thickness 0.4 cm, power from 150W to 220W. High-power coatings are also available (energy consumption up to 400W), which is suitable for use on open terraces and loggias. There is anti-spark protection. The company guarantees the durability of the film and operation for at least 15 years.
	Manufacturer from South Korea, distinguished by high quality and reliability of products. The film is completely safe for use (an anti-spark mesh is used) and is resistant to tears and breakage. Roll widths are 50 cm, 80 cm and 1 m, energy consumption up to 350 W.
	Another Korean company that produces film flooring of special strength and durability - the warranty service life ranges from 30 to 50 years. The film is made on a carbon base, 0.9 cm thick, power up to 220W. It is universal and, thanks to its multi-layer protection, is suitable for any type of coating.

Coverage area

This parameter affects the choice of a specific model of heating systems, and in particular the width. Rexva heated floors boast one of the largest film widths. Currently, the consumer can choose a model from 1 m to 300 mm, depending on the laid out layout. This will bring the actual coverage area as close as possible to the calculated one.

In addition, the location of the cutting lines on the surface of the film should be taken into account. They are usually located in increments of 25 cm. If the installation technology is violated, conductive surfaces can be damaged, which will lead to a malfunction of the entire system.

Thermal power

For convection models it will be greater than for IR coatings. This is explained by different principles of heat generation. Resistive systems work by generating heat waves that transfer their energy to the floor covering. In infrared models, surrounding objects are heated, namely the top decorative layer.

Therefore, the specific thermal power of convection film structures varies from 120 to 180 W/m². At the same time, for similar IR models this figure does not exceed 150 W/m².

Therefore, when choosing a certain type of film heating models, you need to take into account the required power density.

Price

Since the technology for applying the heating layer is almost identical in both cases, the difference in price between the two types of heated floors is determined by the material used. Graphite is valued much more expensive than aluminum. This is why IR heated floors are 30-40% more expensive than their convection counterparts. How to choose the best cost-effective film heated floor? The price directly depends on the manufacturer and the principle of generating thermal energy. For example, the cost of IR models per 1 m² with a rated power of 90 W/m² is 1980 rubles. For convection structures with the same indicators, the price will not exceed 1370 rubles. With large purchase volumes the difference is noticeable.

Concrete screed

It is necessary if you need to ensure the maximum heating area of ​​the room and protect the heated floor elements from mechanical stress. However, this leads to thermal losses during the passage of thermal radiation. Since the minimum thickness of the screed can be 3 cm, the use of infrared film structures will be impossible.

When IR radiation is generated, most of it will be spent on heating the concrete surface. The residual heat that will emanate from the top layer of cement is not enough to maintain the desired temperature regime.

Based on this, the following conclusion can be drawn:

• If there is a concrete screed, only convection heated floor models can be installed.
• To install an IR film structure, its power must be increased in proportion to the heat losses that occur when the concrete is heated.

Installation features

The undoubted advantage of IR film structures is the relative ease of installation. In addition to horizontal surfaces, they can be mounted on vertical planes. This makes it possible to use them not only in underfloor heating systems, but also as sources of thermal energy on balconies, loggias and verandas.

For convection models there are certain restrictions - they can only be positioned horizontally, the presence of a protective layer and a grounding cable is required. With practically the same installation technology, the difference between the types of film heated floors lies only in the possibility of installation on different surfaces.

If you decide to do the installation yourself, you should follow the instructions and carefully follow all the steps:

1. Preparation of the base - despite the fact that the film is suitable for any surface, there is still one mandatory condition - the base must be as even as possible. Changes in the height of the base will lead to ruptures of the film under loads and cause breakdown of the device. The surface of the base must also be cleaned of debris and dust and thoroughly dried.
2. Laying insulation - so that heat does not escape into the ceilings and moisture does not get into the film, insulating material is laid. It is possible to use various heat insulators with a metallized lavsan or polypropylene coating, as well as technical cork of the same thickness, the only limitation is coatings containing aluminum.
3. Preparing the film - the laying scheme is pre-calculated and the most convenient location for the thermostat is selected. In places where the furniture fits tightly to the floor, you cannot lay the film - this will lead to overheating and breakage. The diagram should reflect these conditions. Then the film is cut into strips according to the drawing.
4. Laying a film floor - strips with heating elements are laid out on the base according to the diagram drawn up and secured with tape. In no case should the strips intersect or lay on top of each other.
5. The heating elements are connected to each other using special contacts. Work must be performed very carefully so as not to damage the heating elements (it is better to move without shoes).
6. The floor is connected to a thermostat, temperature sensor and power source, and the functionality is checked. It is best to use the services of an electrician to properly connect to the network.
7. Then plywood sheets or gypsum fiber sheets leveled under the floor finish
8. And finally, the floor material.

If the heated surface is not covered with furniture, then a layer of plywood or gypsum fiber board can be skipped and the finishing coating can be laid immediately.

If no errors or malfunctions are identified in the operation of the device, subsequent work is carried out on laying the finishing floor covering - this also requires special care and caution.

Finish coating

The most optimal combination of speed of installation and ease of work is laminate. It itself forms a fairly stable coating that protects the film and is very easy to install. Installing a film floor under soft coverings, carpet and linoleum, will require a preliminary layer of plywood or other durable material.

The most difficult part will be installing the film under the tiles. In this case, there is a need for an additional layer of mounting construction mesh (cells 5-45 mm), which is laid on top of the film and attached pointwise to the primary screed. In this case, installation is carried out using a cement-adhesive mortar in order to adhere the mortar under the tile to the original screed. It will be possible to use a heated floor in this option only after the screed has completely dried, after about 28 days. Such a floor is covered with a layer of tile adhesive on top, which complicates its dismantling in the future.

Possible mistakes

When performing installation, especially without the help of professionals, you can make a number of mistakes that can negatively affect the operation and lead to damage to the heated floor:

• incorrectly drawn up diagram - the drawing must necessarily reflect the location of the furniture (especially heavy furniture), film cannot be laid in these places;
• an improperly prepared base can shorten the life of the floor;
• Incorrect installation of the temperature sensor can distort its readings (you must follow the instructions).

With a careful and responsible approach, laying a warm film floor will not lead to mistakes, and will ensure effective heating of the room for many years.

Advantages of PTP

• Easy to install. By following the “Installation Instructions” you can easily and quickly install it yourself. Wet processes during its installation are excluded.
• Versatility. Heating thermal film is laid under any desired floor covering:, etc.
• Damage resistance and reliability. Any mechanical damage disables only a strip or section, but at the same time, thanks to the parallel connection circuit, undamaged sections continue to work.
• Economical. The principle of far-infrared heating radiation used makes it possible to save energy up to 20%. The use of a thermostat provides additional energy savings of another 25-30%. Thus, there is a significantly low energy consumption.
• Durability. IR film is not subject to corrosion and does not deteriorate during its service life. Typically, the manufacturer guarantees a 15-year service life, but in practice it usually lasts more than 20 years.
• Environmental friendliness. Long-wave infrared radiation creates a particularly comfortable microclimate in the room. Uniform heating of the room, which is provided by infrared heated floors, guarantees the absence of internal drafts. Moreover, the room is optimized for humidity and does not overheat. Electromagnetic radiation can be said to be completely absent.
• Healthy heating. Long-wave infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health. This is a completely safe heating - there is no dust, noise, vibration, smell, electromagnetic radiation, carbon monoxide, toxic fumes.

So which film heated floor is better - infrared or convection? The choice directly depends on the parameters of the heating room and operating conditions. To minimize errors, it is recommended to carefully read the instructions for heated floors. They indicate all restrictions and requirements for installation and operation.

Until relatively recently, two types of floor heating were used - water floors and heating systems using an electric cable. Nowadays infrared film technologies have become increasingly popular. These systems are called ITP (infrared heated floor).

The difference between warm infrared systems and water or cable systems is that an infrared beam with a length of 6-22 microns is used to heat the room. The radiation is based on a carbon mixture, which is hermetically sealed into the film material. Electricity is connected to copper conductors, the emitter diameter is 0.4 mm. The silver coating on the contacts protects the connection areas from burning. The infrared heated floor is connected to the electrical network using a thermostat.

Construction of infrared floor film

This type of heating system is fundamentally different in that it is not the air in the room that is heated, but the objects in the surrounding area. Due to the good thermal conductivity of carbon, electricity consumption in such systems is much lower than with other heating options. The human eye does not see infrared rays, but the skin feels heat. Radiation similar to sunlight escapes through the flooring and heats the surrounding furniture and walls. The main advantage of infrared film floors is that they can be installed under any finish, including suspended ceilings.

The main advantages of infrared floors:

• maximum environmental safety for human health;
• installation of a heating system does not require cement screed or filling with dry mixtures;
• the reliability of infrared floors is ensured by parallel connection of heating modules;
• unlike water floors, infrared systems are not connected to heating boilers or hot water supplies;
• dense installation of strips creates maximum system efficiency;
• If one section of the strip fails, all others continue to work.

For different operating conditions, infrared floors with a capacity of 220 and 150 V/sq. are installed. m. Unlike convection heating (when heat is transferred by air currents), the film system is much more efficient because the heat is absorbed by nearby objects. Reducing heat loss in this case ensures energy savings. Using infrared floors you can heat part of the room, for example, the ceiling in the living room, the carpet where children play, the workplace. In this case, you only need the required amount of materials used.

Manufacturers assure that film flooring is a unique new generation system. It has a positive effect on human health. In terms of benefits, this heated floor, according to reviews, is similar to a Russian stove. This phenomenon is explained by the properties of infrared rays.

Andrey 35 years old, Moscow

Area of ​​use of infrared floors

Film can be installed on inclined, horizontal and vertical walls in a short time using the “dry” method. Such heating systems have a long service life, excellent reviews and high reliability. Film floors can be easily dismantled, for example, during a move. They are very easy to re-install. As reviews have shown, this property is also very valuable during renovations and redevelopment of the premises. An infrared heating system can be installed on loggias and balconies. This heating option is the most optimal, because it is prohibited by building regulations to install central heating in these rooms.

Infrared warm systems can be installed anywhere: on the floor to pleasantly warm your bare feet, on the ceiling, taking the example of Matroskin the cat and his portable sun, or on the walls to comfortably lean your back on them without worrying about getting burned by the cold.

Anna 28 years old, Tula

Infrared floor installation technology

First, before installation, you need completely remove the trash, which is located after the stages of repair work have been completed, and then remove dust from the base. This operation is performed using an industrial vacuum cleaner.

Then use a level to check the horizontalness of the surface. During installation of the infrared floor, the greatest possible deviation should not be more than 3 millimeters. If necessary, then scrape a wooden surface, and the cement base is ground to achieve the desired surface level.

A layer of hydro- and thermal insulation is attached to the prepared and clean surface. If it is decided to make the finishing coating from linoleum or carpet, then any materials with a layer of 3-5 millimeters are suitable. Tapes of lavsan or polypropylene thermal insulation film are installed with the metal part facing out. At the connection areas, the sheets must be secured with tape. Taking into account the reviews, when laying tiles on top of a film floor, it is best to use a technical roll cork with a layer of 2 millimeters for thermal insulation.

Before installation, you need to decide or read reviews about infrared heated floors, where you can install the thermostat. A layout diagram is first made for the correct location of the film. It must be taken into account that infrared floors are installed only in open areas of the room where there is no furniture or other heavy objects.

The film is cut into strips along specially marked lines, and then it is laid on the floor in accordance with the marked diagram. The film is mounted with contacts to the wall where the thermostat will be located and the copper base down.

Contact clamps are attached to the ends of the copper strip and contact cables are connected.

All places where cuts and cable connections are made to the terminals must be insulated.

After, from the underside of the film temperature sensor is connected, which is also isolated. After installation is completed and all wires and contacts are connected, the thermostat is connected and connected to the electrical network.

Before installing the finishing coating, the floor must be tested. During normal operation, there should be no sparking or overheating in the areas where the contacts are connected; the floor surface must be heated evenly.

For additional protection, polyethylene film is spread on top of the floor, and then the finishing coating is applied to the floor. The tools needed for laying film floors are the simplest:

• wire cutters;
• screwdriver;
• scissors;
• pliers;
• wire clamp tool.

Safety precautions

We must not forget that the heating system must be installed only on a clean and dry base. Infrared floor not mounted under stationary furniture, such as:

• wardrobes;
• wardrobes;
• furniture walls, etc.

If you want film floors to be the main source of heating, as is often written in reviews, then the size of the film must be at least 75% of the total size of the room. When using this system as auxiliary heating, the film is laid on 45% of the room area.

The film is laid at a distance of no closer than 40 centimeters and no further than 10 centimeters from the walls; heating elements cannot be overlapped. For mounting the thermostat, the optimal distance is 12-15 centimeters from the floor.

Calculation of the performance of a film floor must be carried out, taking into account the peak power during connection to the electrical network; the power is at least 210 watts per square meter. This is the value you need to focus on when determining power.

Installation features

When laying heated floors, it must be taken into account that the larger the size of the strips of heating elements, the fewer contacts are needed for connection. But the size of the strips of elements should not be more than 8 meters. For safe operation of the system, the distance between the film strips must be at least five millimeters.

When connecting contact terminals, one part of them is inside the material, and the other is outside, on the conductive surface. Once the clamp is connected, it is secured with crimping tools or pliers. Some heating system manufacturers, such as Caleo, do not allow the use of third-party terminals to ensure safe operation of the heating system.

Areas of cuts for contact bars must be insulate with bitumen insulation, according to reviews, it usually comes with warm systems. It is better to connect the thermostat permanently, but it can also be installed using a regular outlet, like a simple electrical appliance.

During installation, you must try to ensure that most of the cables connecting the film and the thermostat are under the baseboard. It is undesirable to do styling in high humidity and low temperatures. It is unacceptable to bend the film more than at a right angle.

Nails and screws must not be used for fastening. Any section of thermal film must have a consumption of no more than ten amperes. Warm floor It is not recommended to install near other heating devices– fireplaces, stoves, etc.

Finish coating for the floor

When installing a film floor under carpet or linoleum, fiberboard or plywood sheets with a thickness of at least five millimeters are placed on top of the heating elements. Mounting markings must be done first so as not to deform the surface of the film. In this case, you can also lay a layer of foamed polyethylene. The cutting and marking of carpet and linoleum sheets must be done in advance, because cuts on the floor are unacceptable.

If you decide to make the finishing coating from tiles, then a reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the thermal film. The structure is secured using dowels, which are driven into the cracks between the strips. If necessary, a layer of cement screed is placed on top of the reinforcing mesh. In certain cases, when laying tiles around the perimeter of the room, on top of the film lay a layer of thermal insulation material, which is a temperature compensator. All work on the installation of finishing floor coverings must be carried out very carefully, because, as reviews show, almost all breakdowns of the heating system are associated with inaccurate installation of the heated floor and finishing covering.

Main manufacturers, cost of film floors and reviews

Today, judging by the reviews, the most popular are film flooring kits from the manufacturer Caleo, but there are many companies and other manufacturers. Caleo's share in the domestic underfloor heating market in our country exceeds 65% of all product sales. To prove the safety of the products, at the Caleo plant there is an aquarium with fish, where an infrared film heater has been located directly in the water for a very long time. This visual demonstration proves absolute safety of heating systems and has only positive reviews.

The cost of heated floors is approximately 25 USD. e. per sq. meter. Elite manufacturers provide a 15-year guarantee on their products, but a film heating system lasts much longer if used properly.

Infrared film floors are both useful and good. After negative information appeared about microwave ovens, most people began to fear any phrase that contained the word “radiation.” But infrared radiation is emitted, for example, by a Russian stove or an ordinary radiator. This radiation is even used in medicine. They take infrared baths and, as reviews say, they are very relaxing and have a positive effect on the psyche.

Andrey 25 years old

Radiant energy has a beneficial effect on the human body and has only positive reviews. Thermal film does not burn and does not emit toxic fumes or carbon monoxide. Silver plating in underfloor heating systems effectively isolates carbon from copper. Proof of the safety and effectiveness of this type of heating is that, according to reviews, these systems are recommended for installation in medical and children's institutions.